?’�?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„��?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚, ?„� ����� ?„�?‚ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ?„�� �??‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€?„���?ƒï¿½?Œ ��� � �?†ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? ?ƒ?„�� ?ˆ?…?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?€ï¿½?…?„��? ?€?ï¿½ï¿½?„��?

?‘?€?Œ ?„�� ?“�?‰?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �����?… !


?— ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ?ƒ?…�?„����
?— ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? ?„�?… ��??ƒï¿½?ï¿½ (Edmund Husserl) �?‡ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�� �����?„�??Œ?„�?„� �� ��?„�?„���?„�� ?ƒ?„�� �?…?ï¿½ï¿½??‡ï¿½ �?…�����? ?„�?‚ �?€ï¿½?‡??‚ (?„�?… 20�?… ��?Žï¿½ï¿½), � �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?€?ï¿½?ƒ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??ƒï¿½ �� �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?„� ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ �?…?„�?ƒ?…�����?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��� ?„�?‚ �����?Œ?„�?„�?‚ �� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒ?„��� ���?†?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??‚, ����?‰ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??‚ ��� ?ˆ?…?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??‚ ?Œ?ï¿½?…?‚. �?€ï¿½??‡ï¿½ï¿½ ��� �??Ž?„���: ?„� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� �?‡ï¿½ï¿½ �����?‚ ?ƒ?…�����?ƒï¿½ ��?Œ?‚ ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�?‚; ?‘� ��� ��?‡?„�?ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�� �?…?„��?…����� ?„�?… ������? ���� ?„� ��?ï¿½ï¿½ ?‰?‚ ���??„��� ?„�?… ?†?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? ? ?„�?… ����?‰ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? ?ƒ?…?ƒ?„?��?„�?‚? ?„?Œ?„� � ?ƒ?…�����?ƒï¿½ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ �� ����� ?ƒ?…�����?ƒï¿½ ��?Œ?„� �� ���?„�?…?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„�?‚ ����� �?€ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ������?ƒ?„���?‚ ��?„��?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?ƒ?„�� ?Œ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��?„������?ƒï¿½?Œ ?…?€?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��. �� �� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„�� ���??Ž?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?…�����?ƒï¿½ �?„?ƒï¿½ ����� ��� ����?‚ ����?‰ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½? ?„�� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ � ��??ƒï¿½?ï¿½ ����?€ï¿½ ?‰?‚ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��??‚ �?€ï¿½?‡??‚ ?€ï¿½?… ��??ƒï¿½. ?˜ï¿½?‰?ï¿½??ƒï¿½ ?Œ?„� � ���??Ž?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Œ?„�?„� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?Œ?„�� ?ƒï¿½ ��� ?€?ï¿½ï¿½?„��? ?€ï¿½?ƒï¿½?„��?Žï¿½ ��?„???ƒï¿½?‰ï¿½ �� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ������?†ï¿½?…� ?„�� �����?„�??Œ?„�?„� ?„�?‚ �����?„�?‚ ?„�� �� ������� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ��� ��?†ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?„?…?†ï¿½??‚ �������?Œ?„�?„�?‚. ?‘?€ï¿½?„���?ƒï¿½ï¿½; �� ?€??‰?„�����?‚ ��?‰ï¿½ï¿½ �����? � ����?Œ?„�?„�? ?„�?… ���??Ž?€ï¿½?… (?€ï¿½?… ����� ?„� ?…?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ �?Œï¿½?ƒï¿½?‚) �� ���� ?„�� ��?…?„?Œ ?„�?… ������� ��??€ï¿½?ï¿½?„�. ?— ?…?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œ?„�?„� ��� ���?‡ï¿½ï¿½ ����� ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Œ?„�?„� ? ����. ?Ÿ ��??ƒï¿½?ï¿½ ��?„�?†ï¿½??Œ?„�� �����?„�?ï¿½ ����?„��� ?„�?‚ ?†?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„?ï¿½ï¿½??‚ ����?‰ï¿½??‚ ?„�� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?…����� �� ?„�� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Œ ��� ������?„��?Œ ������??‰?„�?ƒï¿½?Œ ?„�?‚ ?•?…??Ž?€ï¿½?‚ ?„�?‚ �?€ï¿½?‡??‚ ?„�?…. ��?ƒ?‰ �?€?Œ ?„� �?…?ƒï¿½?Œï¿½?„� �?Œï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?… ?…?€ï¿½??‡ï¿½ï¿½? ��� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Œ ��?„��� ���?…��?ï¿½ï¿½?‚ �?…?ï¿½?‰?‚ �?€?Œ ?„�� ?…���?Œ ��?„������?ƒï¿½?Œ. ?“�� ?„�� ��??ƒï¿½?ï¿½ � ����?‰ï¿½? ?„�?‚ ?ƒ?…�����?ƒï¿½?‚ ?ƒ?„� ?†?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½? ?ï¿½ï¿½ (?„�?… ��?… ?ƒ?„�� ����?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½) ??„�� ���?€ï¿½?„?ï¿½?€?„�. ?Ÿ ?…��?ƒï¿½?Œ?‚ ��� ����� �??„� ?†?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? �??„� ���?€?Œ?„?ï¿½?€?„� ������?„��? ?ƒ?„�?ƒï¿½. ?•���� ��� ��?‰?ï¿½ï¿½ �����?ƒï¿½ ?ƒ?„�?‚ ����?‚, ��� �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…?„��? ?€?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ �����?ƒï¿½ ?ƒ?„�?‚ ����?‚. ?‘?…?„?Œ ��?ï¿½ï¿½?Ž?‚ ��?‚ ���?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?Œ?„� ?…?€ï¿½??‡ï¿½ï¿½ ��� ?ƒ?…�����?ƒï¿½ ?€ï¿½?… ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?…?„�?‚ ?„�?‚ ��?‰?ï¿½ï¿½?‚. ?•���� ��� ?…?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?„������? ?ƒ?…�����?ƒï¿½ �� ?„�� ������ ?Œ?„� ����� ?€ï¿½ï¿½?‰ ��� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ �?€?Œ ?„� �����?…?ï¿½?��?„� ?„�?‚ ��� ����� � ?€?ï¿½?‹?€?Œï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ??€ï¿½?ï¿½??‚ ?„�?…?‚. ?Ÿ ��?„���?ƒï¿½?Œ?‚ ? � ?†?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��? ��?Ž?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?„�?‚ ?ƒ?…�����?ƒï¿½?‚ ����� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ ?€??‰?„�����??‚ �����?Œ?„�?„�?‚ ?„�?… ���??Ž?€ï¿½?… ��� ?Œ?‡ï¿½ �� ��?„��?‚ ?„�?‚ ??€ï¿½?ï¿½??‚ ?„�?‚. ?“�� �� ?…?€ï¿½??‡ï¿½ï¿½ �?€ï¿½?ƒ?„?�� ?€?ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ ��?„' �??‡ï¿½?‚ �� ?…?€ï¿½??‡ï¿½ï¿½ �����?Œ?„�?„�. ?‘?…?„? � ����?? ?ƒ?…�����?ƒï¿½ ����� � ?€ï¿½ï¿½? ?„?‰ï¿½ �?ï¿½?ƒ?„�?ï¿½ï¿½?„??„?‰ï¿½ ?„�?… ?…?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?„�������? ?•�?Ž (?’�������?‚, 2002, ?ƒ. 324). ?ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ��?Ž ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?…�?„����, ?Œ?„� � ��??ƒï¿½?ï¿½ ��?„�?„�?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„� ��?‰?ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?… ?ˆ?…?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½? ?€ï¿½?… ����� ?Œ?„� � �����? ?€?ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ �� ��?‰?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��?ï¿½?‚ ?„�?‚ ?ˆ?…?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚? �?†ï¿½? �?‡ï¿½ï¿½ �� ����� �� ?„�� ��?„���?ˆï¿½, ?„�� ?€ï¿½?ƒ?„� ��� ?„�� �?ï¿½?ƒï¿½. ?˜ï¿½?‰?ï¿½ï¿½ � ��??ƒï¿½?ï¿½ ?Œ?„� � �����? ?Œ?€?‰?‚ ��� ?„� ������?„��� ��� ����� ��?€ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½? �?€ï¿½?ƒ?„?��. ?•��?„���� ����?„�?‚ ����?‚ ��� ?„� �?€ï¿½?„���?ƒï¿½ï¿½?„� ?„�?‚ ?‡ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?„�?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� �?€?Œ �����?Œ?„�?„� ��� ��?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��?Ž ï¿½ ?ˆ?…?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ����� ��?€ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½? �?€ï¿½?ƒ?„?��, ���?„���� ?†?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �����?Œ?„� ��� ?„� �?€ï¿½?„���?ƒï¿½ï¿½?„� ?„�?‚ ?‡ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?„�?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� �?€?Œ �?ƒï¿½?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½. ?Œ?„�� ������ ��� ��� �?Œï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ �����??‚ ��� ������ ��� ��?„� ?…?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œ ���� ��?„���������?Œ, ��?„� ����?„?Œ (?–�?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, 2010, ?ƒ. 21-23).
? ? ? ?�?‚ �� ?„�??„�?…, ��?ƒï¿½ï¿½? �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ����� � ���?„?ï¿½?€? ?„�?‚ "?†?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½??‚ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½?‚".? �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?… ?…?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�� ?€ï¿½?ƒ?„� ?„�?… ��??ƒï¿½?ï¿½ ?ƒ?„�� ??€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ���?‚ ��?€ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �����??„�?„�?‚ ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Œ?„�?„�?‚. �?…��?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, ?…?€ï¿½?ƒ?„�?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�?‚ ?Œ?„� � ?ƒ?…�����?ƒï¿½ ��� ����� ���??„����� �?€?Œ ?„�� ��?‰?„�?ï¿½ï¿½?Œ �?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½, �?‡ï¿½ï¿½ ��� �?…?„�?„�����, ��� �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ���� ��?‰ �?€?Œ ?„�� ��?…?„?Œ ?„�?‚ ��� �� �����?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ?„�� ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Œ?„�?„� �?„?ƒï¿½ ?Ž?ƒ?„� �� ?„�� ��?ƒ?‰ï¿½ï¿½?„?Ž?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ��� ?Œ?‡ï¿½ �� ?…?€ï¿½?„�?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ �?…?„?. ?— ?ƒ?…�����?ƒï¿½ ���?€?Œï¿½ ���?†ï¿½?ï¿½?„�� ?ƒï¿½ ��?„�. ?— �?Œï¿½?ƒï¿½ ����� ?€ï¿½ï¿½?„� �?Œï¿½?ƒï¿½ ��?Œ?‚ ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�?‚. ?— ?€?ï¿½?„?ï¿½?€? ����� �� "�?€ï¿½?ƒ?„?ï¿½?ˆï¿½?…�� ?ƒ?„� ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�" ?„�?… ��?… �?„?ƒï¿½ ?Ž?ƒ?„� �� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?ˆï¿½?…�� ?„� ?ƒ?‡ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ��?…-�?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?… ?Œ?‡ï¿½ �?€?Œ ?„� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ ?ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„?‰ï¿½ ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„?‰ï¿½ ���� �?€?Œ ?„� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?… ?…?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?… ?€ï¿½?… ?„�?…?‚ ����� ��??†?. ?— ����?ƒï¿½ ?„�?… ��?… ?€?ï¿½?‚ ?„�� ��?‰ �?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ �������?„�� ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Œ?„�?„� ? �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?€?„��?Œ?„�?„� ��� ����� � �?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?… ?ƒ?…�����?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? ��?Žï¿½ï¿½?„�?‚ ?€ï¿½?… ?ƒ?„?Œ?‡ï¿½ �?‡ï¿½ï¿½ �� ��?ƒ?‰ï¿½ï¿½?„?Ž?ƒï¿½ï¿½? ?„� ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�.? ?Œï¿½?‰?‚ ?‡?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� ��?„' �??‡ï¿½?‚ �� ������?…�� ?„�� ?„??Œ?€ï¿½ �� ?„�� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��?‚ ����?„�� �?…?„? � ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Œ?„�?„� (?–�?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, 2010, ?ƒ. 96).?“�� �� �?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½?…�� �� �?‡ï¿½?…�� ?€??Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?ƒ?„�� ����?? ?ƒ?…�����?ƒï¿½ ?‡?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� �� ����?…�� ��?„?Œ?‚ ���?…�?Žï¿½ ?„� ?†?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½? ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Œ?„�?„�. �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� �� �?†ï¿½?ï¿½?Œ?ƒï¿½?…�� ?„�� �?€ï¿½?‡?. ?— �?€ï¿½?‡? ����� "��� �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��? ??�� ?„�?… ������? ?•�?Ž ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�� ��?€ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?Œ �?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½" (?’�������?‚, 2002, ?ƒ. 326) �?„?ƒï¿½ ?Ž?ƒ?„� �� ����?ï¿½?ƒ?„�� � �?Œï¿½?ƒï¿½ �?€?Œ ���� ��?€ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?Œ / ?ˆ?…?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‡?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½. ���?€?Œ?‚ ?„�?‚ �?€ï¿½?‡??‚ ��� ����� �� ��?†ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?„??ƒï¿½?…�� ? �� ����?„����?ˆï¿½?…�� ?„�� ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Œ?„�?„� ���� �� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…�� ��� �����?„��? ?ƒ?„�?ƒï¿½ ?€?ï¿½?‚ ?„�� ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Œ?„�?„� ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?… �� ��?ï¿½ï¿½ ?„� ��?„�������� ?Œ?€?‰?‚ ��?‚ ��?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� ?ƒ?„�� ����?? ?„�?…?‚ ��??†?.? ?•���� �����? ?ƒ?„�?ƒï¿½?‚ ?€?ï¿½?‚ ?„�� ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Œ?„�?„� ��� ?Œ?‡ï¿½ ��???‰?ƒ? ?„�?‚ (?–�?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, 2010, ?ƒ. 97-99). ?Œ?„�� ����� ?ƒï¿½ ���?ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„�� ��?‰?„�?ï¿½ï¿½?Œ �?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½, � ?ƒ?…�����?ƒï¿½ �����?€ï¿½?Žï¿½ï¿½?„�� ?ƒ?„�� ��?…?„?Œ ?„�?‚. �� ?†?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„� ?‰?‚ ?„�?„���, ���?€?Œï¿½ ��� ��?†ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?„�?ï¿½?„�� ?€ï¿½?„� ���� ��� �����?†ï¿½?ï¿½?…� ?„� ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? �������?ƒï¿½ï¿½. ?Ÿï¿½ ?ˆ?…?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚, ���??‰?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚, ?†?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ? ?Œ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ����?‚ �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„?‰ï¿½ �����?Žï¿½ ��� ?„?‰ï¿½ ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½ ��� ��?‚ �?€ï¿½?ƒ?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½. �� ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Žï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� �?€?Œ ?„� ?ƒ?…�����?ƒï¿½ �?„?ƒï¿½ ?Ž?ƒ?„� �� �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„� ����??Œ �?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?…?‚. �?Ž?‚ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� ?„� ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„� ��?…; ?œï¿½ ���� ����?ï¿½ �����?Œ ?„??Œ?€ï¿½. ?‘?‚ ��� ��?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½: ?Ÿ ��??ƒï¿½?ï¿½ ??„�� ������?„��?Œ?‚ ��� ?†ï¿½ï¿½?Œ?ƒï¿½?†ï¿½?‚ ?„�?‚ �����??‚. ?šï¿½?„' ������� ?„� ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� ?ƒ?„� ?ƒ?…�����?ƒï¿½, ��?ƒ?‰ ?„�?‚ ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??‚ ���?Œï¿½ï¿½?…, �� ���� �����?Œ ?„??Œ?€ï¿½, ����� �� ������?‚ ?„�?‚ ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Œ?„�?„�?‚ ��� �?…?„�?‚ ?ˆï¿½?‡ï¿½ï¿½?…�� �� �?ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„�� ����?? ?„�?…?‚ ��??†?.
? ? ? ?����?„�� ?„� �??Ž?„��� �� ����� �?…��?„? �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??€ï¿½?„� �����?„��? ���?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒ?„�?ƒï¿½ ��?Œ?‚ ��?„��������?… �� ���? �?‡ï¿½?…�� ��� ���?ƒï¿½ ? ����?ƒï¿½ ?†?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½?, ��?€ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½? �?€ï¿½?†? �� �?…?„?Œ. ?‘?…?„?Œ ?„� �??Ž?„��� ��� �?€ï¿½?ƒ?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�� ��??ƒï¿½?ï¿½ ��?Œ?„� � ��?…?‚ ?‰?‚ �����?Œ (?Œ?‡ï¿½ ?‰?‚ ?ˆ?…?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œ ? ?†?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½?Œ) ?ƒ??ƒ?„��� ����?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ � ����?‚ ?„� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‡?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?…. ?“�' �?…?„?Œ � ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ����� ����?„��? �?€ï¿½?ƒ?„?��, �����?, ��?„�?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� �� ?„�?‚ ������?‚ ��??†ï¿½?‚ (����) ?€ï¿½?… ?ƒ?…��?ï¿½?„�?ï¿½?„�� ��?ƒï¿½ ?ƒ?„� ��?… ��� ��� �����?†ï¿½?ï¿½?„�� ��� ?„�� ��?€ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½? ?„�?…?‚ ?…?€?Œ?ƒ?„�?ƒï¿½. ?ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ?Œ?„� � ������ ?„�?‚ ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Œ?„�?„�?‚ / �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?€?„��?Œ?„�?„�?‚ ��� ??„�� ?„�?… ��??ƒï¿½?ï¿½. �� �����?ƒ?„��� �?€?Œ ?„�� ?œ?€?ï¿½ï¿½?„���. ?œ?Œï¿½ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?… ?ƒ?„�� ?œ?€?ï¿½ï¿½?„��� ����� ��� ?ˆ?…?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? �������?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒ?ƒ?Œ?„�?ï¿½, �����? ����� ��?†ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?ƒ?„� ?ƒ?…���?ƒï¿½?��?„�. ?œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒ?ƒ?Œ?„�?ï¿½ ��� ��� ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½?†ï¿½ï¿½? ?ˆ?…?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, ��� ��� ����������� ?€ï¿½??Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� �?…?„? ?„?‰ï¿½ �?€ï¿½?ƒ?„��?Žï¿½. ?ï¿½ ?„���?ƒï¿½?…��, ��?Œ?„� �� ?„� ��?ï¿½ï¿½ ��� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„?‰: ��� ?„�� ��??ƒï¿½?ï¿½ � ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Œ?„�?„� / �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?€?„��?Œ?„�?„� ��� ����� ��� ?ˆ?…?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œ ���� ��� �����?Œ ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½.

�� a priori ?„�?‚ ??€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��� � ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Œ?„�?„� /�?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?€?„��?Œ?„�?„� - ?›ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? ��?Ž?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?„�?… �?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?…
?šï¿½ï¿½ ?„� �?ï¿½ ?ƒ?…?ƒ?„?��?„� ��?‡ï¿½ï¿½?„�� ?„� a priori ?„�?‚ ??€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‚. ?”����?, ?Œ?„� ��?„' �??‡ï¿½?‚ ?…?€ï¿½??‡ï¿½?…��. ?Ÿ??„� �� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€?„����, �??„� � ��??ƒï¿½?ï¿½ ��� ��?†ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?„�?ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?„� ?„�� ??€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?… ?†?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? �?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?…. ?— ������ ?„�?‚ ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Œ?„�?„�?‚ /�?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?€?„��?Œ?„�?„�?‚ ��� � ?Œï¿½ï¿½ ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½?†ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?… ��??ƒï¿½?ï¿½ �?„?ƒï¿½ ?Œ?€?‰?‚ ?„�� ������ �� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Žï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?…�?„���� ��?‚ ���� ?Œ?„� � ��??ƒï¿½?ï¿½ ��?‡ï¿½ ������ ��?€ï¿½?ƒ?„�?ƒ?ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„� �����?Œ �����?„� ?„�?… ���??Ž?€ï¿½?…, ?ƒ?„� �����?Œ?„�?„� ?„�?‚ ���??Ž?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?ƒ?…�����?ƒï¿½?‚.? ?‘?…?„� ?„� �?ï¿½ ����� ����� ?ƒ?„� �?ï¿½ ?ƒ?…?ƒ?„?��?„�.
�� �??„��� ?„�?‚ �?€ï¿½?‡??‚, �?€?Œ ?„�� ����, ����� ��� ���� �?ƒ?„�?ï¿½ï¿½.

?•?€ï¿½?‡?
?Ÿ Husserl ??„�� �?ï¿½?„��?Œ?‚ �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„� ?ƒï¿½ ���� ��??†? ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€?„���?ƒï¿½ï¿½? �� ��� �������?„�� ?„�� ?Œ?ï¿½ �?€ï¿½?‡? ��� ?„�� ?„�?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� ?ƒ?„�� ?€?…??�� ?„�?‚ ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½?†ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„�?… (���?„��?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?…-?’�����, 2002, pp. 145-146). ������� ?Œï¿½?‰?‚ ?Œ?„� ��� ?…?€ï¿½??‡ï¿½ï¿½ ����� ?ƒ?‡ï¿½?ƒï¿½ �����?ƒï¿½ ?ƒ?„� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€?„��? ��� ?„� ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? �?€ï¿½?‡?. ?•���� ���?€?Œï¿½ �?€ï¿½ï¿½ ��� ���?„��?Œ ������; ?šï¿½?„' �??‡ï¿½?‚, � ��?…?ƒï¿½?ï¿½ �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„�?…?‚ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€?„���??‚ ?„�� ������ ?„�?‚ ��?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚. ?‘?…?„?Œ ?Œ?€?‰?‚ ������ ����� ��� �����?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��?Ž?ï¿½?ƒï¿½. ?‘?‚ ?„� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ˆï¿½?…�� �?…?„?Œ ?€?ï¿½?‚ ?„� ?€ï¿½??Œï¿½. ?Ÿ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€?„��?Œ?‚, ���� � ��??ƒï¿½?ï¿½, �?†ï¿½?ï¿½?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?€ï¿½?‡? ���?„�? ��?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��� ?„� ��?Ž?ƒï¿½ ?„�?… ��?Ž ï¿½ ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��?Œ?„� ����� �� ?„�?… �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ � ��?Ž?ƒï¿½ �?…?„?. ?— ��?…?ƒï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? �?€ï¿½?‡? �??‡ï¿½?„�� �� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…��??Ž?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?„� �?Œï¿½?ƒï¿½ �?€?Œ ?„�� ?€ï¿½?€ï¿½?„����� ��?Œ ���?„�?…?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„�?‚. ?Ÿ ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��� ��?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?Œ?„� ?…?€ï¿½??‡ï¿½ï¿½ � �?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚. ?Œï¿½?‰?‚ ���?ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ �?€ï¿½?†ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, ��� �?Œï¿½ï¿½?…?‚ �����������?‚, �� ����� ?„�� ��?‰?„�?ï¿½ï¿½?Œ �?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ ���?ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��� �� �?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ �� ?„�� ��� �� ��� ?†?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��� ����?? ��?„��. ?Ÿ ?†?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½?Œ?‚ �?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚, ��� ���� ?„�?… ?„� ?†?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½?Œ ��?Ž ?…?†ï¿½?ƒ?„��?„�� ��� ��?„������? ��???‰?ƒï¿½ ��� �� ��?‰?ï¿½?ƒï¿½?…�� ?„�?‚ ?€?ï¿½?‹?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„�?‚ ��?Ž?ƒï¿½?‚. ?Ÿ ��?„���������?Œ?‚ / ?†?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½?Œ?‚ �?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��?„��� ?Œï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?… ?„� �?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?€?Œ ���� ?„�� ����. ?’����?„�?‚ ?„�?‚ ���?ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ���?€?‰ ?„�� �?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?Œ?€?‰?‚ �?…?„?Œ?‚ ����?„�� ?ƒ?„� ?ƒ?…�����?ƒï¿½ ��?…, ?‰?‚ ��?„� ?€ï¿½?… ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??Žï¿½ï¿½?„�� ?ƒï¿½ ����. ?”�� ��?…??Žï¿½?‰ ?„�� ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Œ?„�?„�. ��� ?…?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‰. ?— �?€ï¿½?‡? ����� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��? ?‰?‚ ?€?ï¿½?‚ ?„�� ��?‰ �?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½. ?•���� ���?ï¿½ï¿½?„��? ?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ �?†ï¿½?ï¿½ ?„�� ���??‰?€ï¿½, ?„� ?…?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��?Œ?„� ?„�� ����� �� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??ˆï¿½ï¿½ ?„� �?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?… �?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?…. ?œï¿½?ƒ?‰ ?„�?‚ �?€ï¿½?‡??‚? ?„� ?†?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½?Œ �������� ��?„�?„?ï¿½?€ï¿½?„�� ?ƒï¿½ ����??Œ ��������.
? ? ? ??— �?€ï¿½?‡? ?„?‰ï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€?„��?Žï¿½ ����� ��?€ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?, ��?��� ?ƒ?„� "?†?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½? ?ƒ?„�?ƒï¿½". ?ˆ??‡ï¿½?„�� ?ƒ?„� ?„���?‚ ?„�?… ?ƒ?„�?‡ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½? ?Œ?„�� � ?ƒ?„�?‡ï¿½?ƒ?„??‚ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‡ï¿½?„�� ?„�?…?‚ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½??‚ ?„�?… (?‰?‚ ?€?ï¿½?‚ ?„�� ������?� ?†??ƒï¿½ï¿½ �?€ï¿½?‡ï¿½?…��). ?Ÿ ?ƒ?„�?‡ï¿½?ƒ?„??‚ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‡ï¿½?„�� ?Œ?„� ��� �?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ �� �?ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ��� ��?„���������? ��?���� -��?Œï¿½ï¿½. ?Ÿ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€?„��?Œ?‚ ��� �?€ï¿½?‡ï¿½ï¿½ ?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ �?†ï¿½?ï¿½ ?„� ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���� ��� ?Œ,?„� ����?„�� ��� ?„� ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½.
? ? ? ??šï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„�?‚ �?ï¿½ ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½?†ï¿½ï¿½?‚ � �?€ï¿½?‡? ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���?„?ï¿½ï¿½?Œ ??Œï¿½ï¿½. ?•���� ?ƒ?„� ?€?…??�� ?„�?…?‚, �� ������. ?Œï¿½?‰?‚ � �?€ï¿½?‡? ���?„�?…?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���?†ï¿½?ï¿½?„��� ��� ?„�� ���� ���. ?Ÿ ��??ƒï¿½?ï¿½ �?†ï¿½?ï¿½?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�� �?€ï¿½?‡? �??„?‰?‚ ?Ž?ƒ?„� �� ����� ��� ��� ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½?†ï¿½ï¿½ ��� ��? �?ï¿½ï¿½ ��� ��� ?„??Œ?€ï¿½ �� ���?€ï¿½?…�� ?„� ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�. ?Ÿ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€?„��?Œ?‚ �?€?Œ ?„�� ���� �� ?„�� �?€ï¿½?‡? ?†?„���� ?ƒ?„� ?Œ?ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½?†ï¿½ï¿½?‚, ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‡ï¿½?„�� ?„�?…?‚ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½??‚ ?„�?‚. ?— ��� �?€ï¿½?‡? �?‡ï¿½ï¿½ �� ����� �� ?„� �����?, � ���� �� ?„� ?†?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½?Œ �?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½. ?— ��� ����� ?ƒï¿½ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?„�� �?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ � ���� ?„�� �?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ��?‚ ��� �?…?„?Œï¿½.? ?— ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„?‰?ƒï¿½ ?„�?‚ �?€ï¿½?‡??‚ ����� ?„� ?€??Ž?„� �?�� ?„�?… ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œï¿½ï¿½?…. �?„�� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€?„��?Œ ����� ?„� ?„���?…?„���. ?•���� ?Œï¿½?„?‰?‚ �?ï¿½ ���?†ï¿½?ï¿½?„���?‚ �?€ï¿½?‡ï¿½?‚.

?•?†ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?ƒ?„�� ?ˆ?…?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?€ï¿½?…?„��? ?€?ï¿½ï¿½?„��?
?Ÿ �??„�� (John M. Heaton) ����� ?ˆ?…?‡ï¿½ï¿½?„?ï¿½?‚ ��� ?ƒï¿½ ��� �?ï¿½?ï¿½ ?„�?… ��� ?„� ?ƒ?‡ï¿½?ƒï¿½ �?…???Žï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?… ���?€?„���?ƒï¿½ï¿½? ��� ?ˆ?…?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ����� ��?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?€ï¿½ï¿½? ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„���?‚ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?„�???ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚, �?ï¿½?Žï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ �?€?Œ ?„� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€?„��? ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½?†ï¿½ï¿½. ?›ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?€ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„� ?Œ?„�? ?ƒ?„�� ������?ï¿½ï¿½?Œ?„�?„� � ?ƒ?…�����?ƒï¿½ ��?„��������� ?„�� ���?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒ?„�?ƒï¿½ ?„�?‚ ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Œ?„�?„�?‚ ?‰?‚ ������? ��?Ž?ƒï¿½? (Heaton, 2003, p. 44).? ?›ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?€ï¿½?ƒï¿½?‚ ?Œ?„� � ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€?„��? ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½?†ï¿½ï¿½ �?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ �� ����??ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„�� ��?ï¿½?€ï¿½?…?„��? ?€?ï¿½ï¿½?„��?. ?™?ƒ?‡?…?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� ?Œ?„� � ?ƒ?‰ï¿½?ï¿½?„��? ������?‚ �?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ �� ?‡?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?„?ƒï¿½ ?Ž?ƒ?„� � �?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??‚ �� ���?€?„?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ ?€ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„�?… ��� ?ƒ?„������ �� ��� ?Œ?„� ����� �?ƒ?…�����?ƒ?„�?‚ ��?„��? ?„�?…?‚. ?ˆ?„?ƒï¿½ ��?„��������� ?Œ?„� ��� �?‡ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ ��?Ž?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?€ï¿½?… �?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?Œ?„� �?‡ï¿½ï¿½ ��� ?„�� ��?…?„?Œ ?„�?… �?€?Œ?„� ?ˆï¿½?‡ï¿½ï¿½?„�� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒ?ƒ?Œ?„�?ï¿½ ��� ?ƒ?„������ �������� ���??„�?ï¿½ ?„�� ��?…?„?Œ ?„�?…. ?‘?…?„?Œ �?€ï¿½ï¿½?„�� �?€?Œ ?„�� ��?ï¿½?€ï¿½?…?„? �� ��� �?‡ï¿½ï¿½ ��� ?ƒ?…����?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��?‰?ï¿½?„��?Œ ?ƒ??ƒ?„��� ��?Œ?„� ����?…��?ï¿½ï¿½ �� ?€?ï¿½?ƒ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?€ï¿½ ���??Œï¿½ �� ?„��?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�� �?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? ?ƒ?„� ?ƒ??ƒ?„���. �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��, ���?€?Œï¿½, �� ����� ����?‡?„?Œ?‚ � ��?ï¿½?€ï¿½?…?„??‚ ?ƒï¿½ �?…?„? ?„� �������?ƒï¿½ï¿½. ����?‚, ���� � �??„��, � �?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??‚ �������� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½-?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ��?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� ?ƒ?„� ���?Œ ?„�?… ?„??Œ?€ï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?ˆï¿½?‚ ��?„� �� ��?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� ?ƒ?„�?‚ ��?‰?ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?… ����?… ? ?ƒï¿½ ?„�?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚. ?‘?…?„?Œ �� ?„� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ ?„�?… ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�� ���?…��?ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?… ��?ï¿½?€ï¿½?…?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?… (Heaton, 2003, ?ƒ. 45).
?šï¿½?„� ?„� ���? ��?… �?€ï¿½?ˆï¿½ ?‡?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� �� ��?ï¿½ï¿½ ?„� ��??‚: ?šï¿½?„' �??‡ï¿½?‚ � ��??ƒï¿½?ï¿½ ��� ��?‚ ��?€ï¿½ ?€?‰?‚, �� ?€ï¿½ï¿½?Œ ?„??Œ?€ï¿½ �?†ï¿½?ï¿½?Œï¿½ï¿½?…�� ?„�� �?€ï¿½?‡?. �?Ž?‚ ����?…�� ?ƒï¿½ ���?ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„� ?†?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�; �?Ž?‚ �?†ï¿½?ï¿½?Œï¿½ï¿½?…�� ?„� ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„�� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?„??ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?„�?… �?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?…; ?‘?‚ ��� ��?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?€ï¿½?ƒï¿½?‚ ?Œ?„� � ��??ƒï¿½?ï¿½ �����?†ï¿½??Œ?„�� ��� ?„�� ?…?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œ?„�?„� ?ƒ?„� ����?Œ ?€ï¿½?… ���?„�?…?ï¿½ï¿½??ƒï¿½ ?‰?‚ ��?ƒï¿½ ��� ?„�� ��?„���������?Œ?„�?„�, �����?, ?„� �����?Œ?„�?„� ?„?‰ï¿½ ����??Žï¿½ �����?Žï¿½ ��??†?Žï¿½. ?šï¿½?„� ��??„�?ï¿½ï¿½, ?„?Œ?ƒï¿½ � ��??ƒï¿½?ï¿½ ?Œ?ƒï¿½ ��� �� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€?„���� ??„�� ?†ï¿½ï¿½?Œ?ƒï¿½?†ï¿½ï¿½.? ?— ��?†ï¿½?ƒ? ?„�?…?‚ ??„�� ?ƒ?„� �?Œï¿½?ƒï¿½. �?„�� �?ƒ?„�?ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½?†ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„� ?ƒ?…���?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �??‡ï¿½?„�� ?ƒï¿½ ��??„�?ï¿½ ���?ï¿½. ?ï¿½ï¿½, ?ƒï¿½ ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??‚ ?„� ?ƒ?…���?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ����?„�?„�� ���� �� ��� �?ï¿½ï¿½?ƒ?„�?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? ?„??€ï¿½?… ?€?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½. ?‘?€ï¿½?ƒ?„��??‰ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��� �?€ï¿½?ƒ?„�?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½. �?€ï¿½??‡ï¿½?…� ?€ï¿½ï¿½? ����?‚ ����?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��� � ?…?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½?Œ?‚ ����� ��� �?€?Œ �?…?„�?‚. ?— ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?„?ƒï¿½ ?Œ?€?‰?‚ �?†ï¿½?ï¿½?Œï¿½ï¿½?„�� ?ƒ?„�� ?ˆ?…?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, ��� ����� � ��?…?ƒï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½. ?— �?€ï¿½?‡? ��� ����� � ��?…?ƒï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? �?€ï¿½?‡?. ?•���� ��� �?€ï¿½?‡? ��?ƒ?„?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�����, ��?ƒï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„�� ��?…?ƒï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? ���� ?ƒï¿½ ����� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?€?„?‰?ƒï¿½ ?„�?…?„?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½. �?‚ ?„�?„��� �����, ��?„� ?„� ��?Žï¿½ï¿½ ��?…, ��?€ï¿½ï¿½?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��� ��?„��?Ž?‚ �?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?„�?„� ?ƒ?„�� ?ˆ?…?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?€ï¿½?…?„��? �����������. ?Œï¿½?‰?‚, �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…��, �?€?Œ �?…?ƒ?„�?ï¿½ ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½?†ï¿½ï¿½? �?€ï¿½?ˆï¿½, ��� ����� ?„� ���� ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½. ?œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒ?ƒ?Œ?„�?ï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ��� �������� ��?…?ƒï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??‚ ��� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€?„��??‚ �?€ï¿½?‡??‚ ?€?ï¿½?ƒï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„�?‚ ������?‚ ?„�?‚ ?ƒ?…����?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ �����������?‚: ����?…�� ?ƒï¿½ ���?ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?Œ?‡ï¿½ ?„�� ?†?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½?Œ? �?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ���� ?„�� �?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ��?‚, ?„�?‚ ?…?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��?‚ ��� ?„�?‚ ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��??ˆï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��?‚? ��� �?…?„?Œï¿½ ��� �� ��?ï¿½ï¿½ ?„� ��?‚ ?†ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, ��� �� �?ƒ?„��?ƒï¿½?…�� ?ƒ?„� ?€??‰?„�??‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �������� ?„�?‚ ��?€ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��?‚ (Spinelli, 2009, ?ƒ. 40). ?Œ?€ï¿½?… ?ƒ?„�� ?†?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½?Œ �?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?…�?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� ��� � ��?ï¿½?€ï¿½?…?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ���� �� ?„�� �?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?….
? ? ? ??— ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€?„��? ����������� �� �?€ï¿½?ï¿½??ƒï¿½ �� ��?‚ ����??ƒï¿½ï¿½ �� ��?„�?€ï¿½?ï¿½?„���?ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„�� �?ƒ?‰?„�?ï¿½ï¿½?Œ ��?‚ �����?„�?ƒï¿½?Œ, �����?, ?„�?‚ �����?„�?€ï¿½ï¿½??ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��?‚. �?ï¿½?†?‰ï¿½ï¿½ �� ?„�� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ (Spinelli, 2009, ?ƒ. 111) ��?„����?ï¿½ï¿½ ?„� "��?Ž" ��?‚ ?‰?‚ ��� ���?. ?•���� � �?…?„?Œ-���? ��?‚. ?Ÿï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�� ��?…?„?Œ ��?‚, ?„�� �?ƒ?„�?ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ��?ƒï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„�?‚ ��?€ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��?‚ �?„?ƒï¿½ ?Œ?€?‰?‚ ?„�?‚ �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œï¿½ï¿½?ƒ?„� ��� ?„�?‚ �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?…��. ?‘� ��� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…?ƒï¿½??€ï¿½?„� �?Œï¿½ï¿½?…?‚ � ���? �?…?„? ����� ����?€?„�, �����?„�?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ (�����?„��? �?ƒ?‰?‚;), ?„?Œ?„� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??€ï¿½?„� ��?€ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?…��?ï¿½?ï¿½?„�� ���� ?„�?‚, ��?‚ �����?…?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?€??Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ (2009, ?ƒ. 122). ?— ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€?„��? ����������� �� �?€ï¿½?ï¿½??ƒï¿½ �� ��?‚ ����??ƒï¿½ï¿½ �� ?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??Ž?ƒï¿½?…�� �?…?„? ?„� ������� ��?ƒ?‰ï¿½ï¿½?„?Žï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�?‚ �?„?ƒï¿½ ��� �?…???„�?ï¿½ ����� ��?€ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?Žï¿½ �?„?ƒï¿½ ?Ž?ƒ?„� �� ��?€ï¿½ï¿½?…?„�?ƒ?„�?ï¿½ï¿½ �?€?Œ �?…?„�?‚. ?‘��?†ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„?Œ?ƒï¿½ ?ƒ?„� ���?ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?„�?… ?„� ��?‰?ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ��������, ������?Œ, �?ï¿½? ?€ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?Œ?ƒï¿½ ��� ?ƒ?„� ���?ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?„?‰ï¿½ �?ï¿½?„�?ï¿½?‰ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?… ?‡?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ��� �� ?‡?„���?…�� ?„� �������� ��?‚, ?„�?‚ �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��?‚, ?„�?‚ ?€ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��?‚ ��� �� ?„���� ?„�� �?…?„?Œ-���? ��?‚.
? ? ? ??šï¿½ï¿½ ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?Œï¿½?‰?‚ ������ ��� ��� ?‰?‚ �?€ï¿½ ?„� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒ?„�� ���?„��?Œ �?€ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½. ?Œï¿½?‰?‚ ?‰?‚ ?ˆ?…?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?€ï¿½?…?„�?‚ ������?…�� ? �� �?€?ï¿½?€ï¿½ �� ������?…�� ��� ?„� ?ƒ?…���?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Œ �?€ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½. E� �??‡? ����� � ??€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½? � ?€ï¿½ï¿½?€?„�?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ ??€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ����� ?„� ?ƒ?…���?ƒï¿½?��?„�. �� ?ƒ?…���?ƒï¿½?��?„� "�����". �?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…� ?„� ��?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��?����?‚-?ˆï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?…?‚, ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Œ?„�?„�?‚-?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚. ?•���� � �?Œï¿½ï¿½ ��?‚ ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Œ?„�?„�. ��?ƒ?„�??‰ ?Œ?„� � ���?…� ��?‡ï¿½ ����� ?Œ?„�� ����� ?Œ?„� ?„� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��� ?Œ?‡ï¿½ � �?Œï¿½ï¿½?‚ �?…��?ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ ?„�� ���??Ž?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?…�?€ï¿½?ï¿½?†ï¿½?ï¿½ ��� ?Œ?„� "� �?Œï¿½ï¿½?‚ ����� ��� �?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ����� � ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„?‰ï¿½ ?€ï¿½ï¿½?Žï¿½". ?‘�?Œï¿½ï¿½ ��� � ����? ��?‚, ��?‡ï¿½ ?€ï¿½ï¿½, ��?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒ?ƒ?Œ?„�?ï¿½ ?ƒ?„� ?ƒ?…���?ƒï¿½?��?„� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ ?ƒ?„�?‚ �����?‚ �??‡ï¿½?‚ (Fieser, 2005). ���� �� ?„�� ������ ?„?‰ï¿½ ����?Žï¿½ ?ƒ?…���?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„?‰ï¿½ ��� ?Œ?‡ï¿½ �� ?„�� ������ ?„�?… ���?ƒï¿½ï¿½?, ?€.?‡., ?€ï¿½?… ����� � �?€ï¿½?†?…�? ?„�?…?‚. ?— �����?, � �?Œï¿½ï¿½?‚ ����� ��� ?€?ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ �� ����� � ?…?€ï¿½?ï¿½?„�?‚ ?„?‰ï¿½ ��?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„?‰ï¿½. ?Œ?‡ï¿½ �� ?„�� ������ �� ����?ƒ?„� �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„?‰ï¿½ ?ƒ?…���?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„?‰ï¿½ ��?‚. ?”�� ��?Œï¿½ï¿½?ƒ?„� ��� ?†ï¿½??Œï¿½ï¿½?ƒ?„� �?€?Œ �?…?„�, �??„� ��?‰??Ž ?Œ?„� ?€?ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ �� ?„� ����?…��. ?”�� ?…?€ï¿½?ƒ?„�?ï¿½ï¿½?‰ ?„�� ���?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½?Œ, �??„� ���?‰ �� ��?ƒ?‰ ?„� ?ƒ?…���?ƒï¿½?��?„� ?‰?‚ ?€?ï¿½?€??ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?… ���?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?. ?”�� ?…?€ï¿½?ƒ?„�?ï¿½ï¿½?‰ �??„� ?„�� ��?€ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½?Œ (�� ��� �����?‰?ï¿½ï¿½?‰ ?„�� ?‡?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?Œ?„�?„� ?„�?… ?‰?‚ ��� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½). �?€ï¿½?ƒ?„�?ï¿½ï¿½?‰ ?Œ?„� ����?ƒ?„� ?€ï¿½ï¿½? ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½?‰ �?€?Œ ?„� �?Œï¿½?ƒ? ��?‚, ?„� �����?Œ?„�?„� ��?‚ ��� ?„�?‚ ��?€ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��?‚ ?€?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…?ƒï¿½?‚? ?Œ?„� ?„� ?ƒ?…���?ƒï¿½?��?„� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…� ?„�� ?€??‰?„�??‡ï¿½ï¿½?Œ ??Œï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„� �?‰? ��?‚, ?Œ?„� �?‡ï¿½?…�� ?„� �?…��?„?Œ?„�?„�, ��� ?„� �?ƒ?‰?„�?ï¿½ï¿½?Œ ���?��� �?ƒ?„?‰ ��� ?ƒ?„�� ���?‡ï¿½?ƒ?„� ����?Œ �� ?„� ��?ï¿½ï¿½, �� �������?‰ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ���� ?„�?…?‚, �� ?„� ��?†?ï¿½?ƒï¿½?…�� ��� �� �?…?„?Œï¿½ �� ?„� ?…?€ï¿½?ï¿½?„??ƒï¿½?…�� ��?Œ?„� �?…?„� ��� �?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?…?„� �?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ï¿½ �� ��?‚ �������??ƒï¿½?…� ?ƒ?„� �??Œï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ �����???‰?ƒ??‚ ��?‚, �� ��?‚ �����?†ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ � �����???‰?ƒ? ��?‚ (Bruckland, 1999, pp. 113, 116-118 ; Greenberg & Paivio, 1997, pp. 1-7). ?Ÿ ?„??Œ?€ï¿½?‚ �� ?„�� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ?„� ����?…�� �?…?„?Œ, ��?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‡ï¿½ï¿½ ?„� �����?, ����� � �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œ?‚ (? ��?„��?Ž?‚ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚). �?‚ �� ?„�??„�?… �� �?€ï¿½?ï¿½??ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?†?ï¿½?ƒï¿½?…�� ?„�� ?šï¿½??„�?ƒï¿½ï¿½ �����?„�?‚: "��?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?ï¿½ ?…?€ï¿½??‡?‰".
? ? ? ??ˆ?„?ƒï¿½ ���?€?Œï¿½ ?‡?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� ?€??Ž?„� �� �?†ï¿½?…��?ï¿½?ƒ?„�?ï¿½ï¿½ ?„� ?ƒ?…���?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?… ��?ï¿½?€ï¿½?…?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?… (�� ?„�� ?„�?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œ?„�?„� ?€ï¿½?… ��?‚ ����� � ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‡? ?Œ?„� ?€ï¿½?„� ��� �� �?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½?…�� �� ��?„�����?…�� ��?ï¿½ï¿½?Ž?‚ ?€?Ž?‚ ����� ��� ������ �� ���?Žï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?Œ,?„� ���?Žï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, ?Œ?€?‰?‚ �� ������ ��� �� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€?„���� ) ��� ��?„� �� ��?ï¿½ï¿½ ?€?Ž?‚ ?„� �����?„���?„�� ��� ��?„� �� ?„� �����?„���?„�� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ? ?Œ?‡ï¿½. ?Ÿ ?€™ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ?œ?€ï¿½ï¿½ (Aaron Beck) ��� �� ���?€ï¿½ï¿½ ��?‰?ƒ?„����, ��?‰??Ž, ?Œ?„� ���?€ï¿½?…� ?„� ���� �?…?„?Œ ��?„�?ƒ?„?ï¿½?†ï¿½. ?šï¿½?„� ?„�� ���? ��?… �?€ï¿½?ˆï¿½ ?Œï¿½?‰?‚, ?€??Ž?„� ���?Žï¿½ï¿½?…�� ��� ��?„� '����������?ï¿½ï¿½' ? �����?„���?„�?ï¿½ï¿½ ?„� ?ƒ?…���?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ?„�� �?Œï¿½ï¿½. ?Ÿ �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ �?Œï¿½ï¿½?‚ ����� ����?ï¿½?„��� ?‡???ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��� ��?„��?Ž?‚ �?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?„�?„�?‚ ��� ?ƒ?„� ��� ������ ?„�?… ��� ?ƒ?„�� ���� ��?Œ?„� ����� ?„� ��?ƒï¿½ï¿½?Œ ��?‚ �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½.

?•?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚
?•����� ?„� �?ƒ?„�?ï¿½ï¿½?Œ ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?… �??‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?… ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€?„���?ƒï¿½ï¿½?. ?•����� ?„� ��?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?… ?ƒ?„��?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��� ������ ��� ?ƒ?ï¿½?„���, �� ?Œ?‡ï¿½ �?€ï¿½?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?, ?ƒ?ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?„?‰ï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€?„��?Žï¿½ �� ��?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„��?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚. �?„��?���� ���� ?ƒ?„�� ������ ?„�?‚ �?€ï¿½?‡??‚. ?•����� ?„���?‚ ?€?Ž?‚ �?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ �� �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??ƒï¿½?…�� ?„�?…?‚ �??‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…?‚ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€?„���??‚ �� ?„�?„��� ?„??Œ?€ï¿½ �?„?ƒï¿½ ?Ž?ƒ?„� �� ?€?ï¿½?ƒ?†ï¿½?ï¿½?…�� ��� ������� ��?„���?ˆï¿½?‚ ?ƒ?„� �������?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ ?ˆ?…?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��� ?ƒ?„�� ?ˆ?…?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?€ï¿½?…?„��? ?ƒ?‡ï¿½?ƒï¿½. ��?ï¿½?„�???ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?Œ?„� � ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½?†ï¿½ï¿½, ?Œ?€?‰?‚ ��� ���� ���� �?€ï¿½?ƒ?„?�� (� ���� ?‡?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� �� ?„�� �?…?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ ������, ?‰?‚ ?ƒ?€ï¿½?…�?), ?Œ?„�� �??‡ï¿½?„�� ?ƒï¿½ �?€ï¿½?†? �� ��� ���� �?€ï¿½?ƒ?„?��, ?„�� ��?€ï¿½ï¿½?…?„���� ��� ?„�?‚ ����� ������ ?Žï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½. ��?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, ?Œï¿½?‰?‚ �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??€?„�� ��� ?„�?…?‚ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½??‚ ?„�?‚. ��?ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���?€?Œ?†ï¿½?…�?„��, �?†ï¿½? ?ƒ?„� ��?„?‰-��?„?‰ �� ?ƒ?„?Œ?‡ï¿½ï¿½, �� ?€?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��� � ����������� ?„?‰ï¿½ �?€ï¿½?ƒ?„��?Žï¿½ ���?†ï¿½?ï¿½?…�. ?‘?…?„�??‚ ?„�?…?‚ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½??‚ �?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…�� �� ?„�?…?‚ ��?„�?€ï¿½?ƒï¿½?…�� ��� �� ?„�?…?‚ ��?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½?…�� ?€?ï¿½?‡?‰??Žï¿½?„�?‚ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„?‰ ?ƒ?„� ���?Œ ��?‚ �??Œï¿½ï¿½, ?ƒ?„� ���? ��?‚ ����??„�?ƒï¿½.

! ?— ?“�?‰?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �����?… ����� ?ƒ?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…��?‚ ?ˆ?…?‡ï¿½ï¿½??‚ ?…����?‚.

  • ?‘??‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ���?€?„���?ƒï¿½?Œ?‚
  • ?”��?†ï¿½?ï¿½ ��?„��? �??‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…, ��?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? ��� ���?„�?ï¿½ï¿½?… ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€?„���?ƒï¿½ï¿½?
  • Jose Ortega y Gasset

?‘??‘��?—�?•?™ï¿½ ��?— ?˜?•?œ?‘�?™?š?— ?•??Œï¿½?—�?‘ �?™?›?Ÿï¿½?Ÿï¿½?™?‘
www.Ideotopos.gr


O www.Ideotopos.gr ���?‚ ?‡?Ž?ï¿½?‚ ���?ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?‚ �������?ƒï¿½?‚ ���?Žï¿½, ����� �?„����?‚ �� ��?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ �?€?Œ?ˆï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?ƒï¿½?‚ ��?ƒï¿½ �?€?Œ ������� ?€ï¿½?… �� ��?„���?ƒï¿½?„�. ?— ���?‡ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?„�?… �?ƒ?„?Œ?„�?€ï¿½?… ?†?ï¿½ï¿½?„���� ��� ?„�� �?…?€?ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?… �?Œï¿½ï¿½?… ?ƒ?„� ������� ���� ��� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„�?‚ �?€?Œ?ˆï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„?‰ï¿½ ?ƒ?…��?ï¿½?†ï¿½?‰ï¿½ ? ?„?‰ï¿½ �����?„?Žï¿½. �� ������� ��� �� �?€?Œ?ˆï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?€ï¿½?… ��?†?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� ��?��?…� ?ƒï¿½ �?…?„�??‚ ?€ï¿½?… ?„�?‚ ��?†ï¿½?ï¿½?…� ��� ��� ��?„������?ï¿½ ��?„' ������ ��� �?…?„�?‚ ?„�?‚ ���?‡ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½?‚.

?‘?›?›?•� ?‘??‘��?—�?•?™ï¿½ �?—� ?“?•��?“?™?‘� �?•?›?™?Ÿï¿½