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? ? ? ? ?Œ?€?‰?‚ ��?„��������?„� �?…?„?Œ ����� ��� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ ?€ï¿½ï¿½? ������ ����. ?œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ ��?„�?ƒï¿½ ��� ������ ?ƒï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Œ?„�?„�. �?��?ï¿½ �� ?€?ï¿½?ƒ?€ï¿½ï¿½??ƒï¿½?…�� �� ?„� ?€?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½?…�� �?€?Œ ���? ���?†ï¿½?ï¿½?„��? ?€ï¿½ï¿½?…?ï¿½ �?€'�?„� ?€?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� ?ƒ?…�?�?‰?‚. ?•�?Ž ?€?ï¿½ï¿½?„�����?Œï¿½ï¿½?…� �� �?…?„? ?„� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½, ?ƒ?…�����?„�?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?Œ?„� ��?‡ï¿½ �?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ���?‰ �?€?Œï¿½?…?„� ���?Œ ��?… �?…?„?Œ ?€ï¿½?… ������� ��� ��?„���?„?Ž?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���?ƒï¿½?… �?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ���?‰ ?ƒï¿½ �����?‚ ?ƒ?„� ?‡ï¿½??„� �?…?„� ?€ï¿½?… ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€?„?Œï¿½ï¿½?…�. ?•�?Ž ï¿½??‡?Œ?„�� ��� ��?ƒï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?„�� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?€ï¿½?ï¿½??ƒï¿½ �� ��?„���?†ï¿½?Ž ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?„� ��?„���, �?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…?Œï¿½ï¿½?…� �� ?„�?‚ �?Ž?ƒ?‰ ��??†?. �?…�����?„�?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?Œ?„� �?…?„?Œ ��� ?„� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?€?ï¿½?ƒ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ �� ���??ƒï¿½?…�� ?ƒ?��?ï¿½, ��� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ �����?‚. ?Œ?€?‰?‚ ?Œï¿½ï¿½ ?„� �������� ?„�?‚ ??€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‚, ?Œ?€ï¿½?„� ?€?ï¿½?ƒ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ �� ?„� ��?„���??ƒï¿½?…�� ���?„���, ?€ï¿½ï¿½?„� ��?„� ?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� �?€?Œ ?„�� �?€?Œï¿½?…?„� ��?„��?Œï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?„�?…?‚.
? ? ? ? �?Œ?ƒï¿½ ��� ?€?Œ?ƒï¿½ ���?ï¿½ï¿½ ��� ��?Žï¿½ï¿½?…�� ���� ��?ï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ ?ƒ?‡ï¿½?ƒï¿½ �� ?„� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½; ?Œï¿½ï¿½?…?‚ ��?‚ �?€ï¿½?ƒ?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, ?„� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?†?„?Œï¿½ï¿½?ƒ?„�, ��?‚ ��?„?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½, ��?‚ "������� ?ƒ?„�� ?„��?‡ï¿½". ?•���� �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…�� ?„�?…?‚ ����?…?‚ ��� ?„�� ?€?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?€ï¿½?… �?‡ï¿½?…� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„� ?ƒ �?…?„?Œ, �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ��?„���?ï¿½ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½??ƒï¿½?…��. ?Œ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ����� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„� ��?‚ �??ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��� �?…?ƒ?„���, ?„� ?„� ����� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����� �� �?…?„?Œ �?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ �� ��?‚ ���?„�?ï¿½ï¿½ ? �?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ �� ��?‚ ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½. ?‘��?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„� ����� ?Œ?ƒï¿½ �?†ï¿½?ï¿½?ï¿½ ?ƒ?„� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ��� ?Œ?ƒï¿½ �?€ï¿½?ƒ?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ ?„�?…?‚ ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�?‚ ��?‚. ?€™ï¿½ï¿½??‰?€ï¿½ï¿½ �??‡ï¿½ï¿½?„�� ?ƒ?„� �?ï¿½?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��?‚ �� ?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…?‚ �?…� ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�?ƒï¿½ï¿½??‚ ?€ï¿½ï¿½?‰ ?ƒ?„� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½.
? ? ? ? ?‘?…?„� �?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ �� �?‡ï¿½?…� �� ����?…� �� ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?��?„� ?ƒ?„� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����� ?Œ?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��� ?ƒ?„�� ���?„�?…?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?…?‚ (?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?��?„� ?ƒ?„??ƒï¿½?‚ ?€??Œ?‰?ï¿½ ��?ƒ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?„?‰?ƒï¿½, ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…�����?‚ �?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�?…?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚), ?ƒ?„� ?€??Œï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ (���?‰ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����? �����?ƒï¿½), ?ƒ?„� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����? ?ƒ?…�?€ï¿½?ï¿½?†ï¿½?ï¿½ (���?ƒï¿½?Œ ?ƒ?„� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½, ?€ï¿½ï¿½? ?€ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚), ?„�� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����? �?ƒ?„�?ï¿½ï¿½ (?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����? ����?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½, ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����? �?€?Œ??ï¿½?ˆï¿½) ��� ?„�?‚ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…�����?‚ ?ƒ?‡ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚ ? ?„�� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����?Œ ?„�?…?‚ ?€?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„���?ƒï¿½?Œ.
? ? ? ? �� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ����� ?Œï¿½?‰?‚ ��� ���?�?‰?ƒï¿½ ���?‚ �?…???„�?ï¿½?‚ ������?‚ ?€ï¿½?… ����� � ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����?Œ?„�?„�. �� ����� � ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����?Œ?„�?„�;
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? ? ? ? ?Œ?€?‰?‚ ��?„��������?„� � ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����?Œ?„�?„� ����� ?€ï¿½ï¿½? �?Œ?ï¿½?ƒ?„� ������, ��� � �������?Œ?„�?„� ?„�?‚ �����??†?Žï¿½ï¿½?„�� ��?ƒï¿½ ?ƒ?„�� �?ƒ?„�?ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?ï¿½?†?‰ï¿½ï¿½ �� ?„�?…?‚ ����?‰ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??‚ ���?Œï¿½ï¿½?‚, ?„�� ����?, ��� ?„�?…?‚ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€ï¿½??‚ ?€ï¿½?… ���� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�?ƒï¿½?Œ?‚ � �?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ � ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½?†ï¿½ï¿½?Œ ������ �?‡ï¿½ï¿½ �� �?…?„?. �� ���� ?‡?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? ?ƒ?„���? ?„�?‚ �?ƒ?„�?ï¿½ï¿½?‚, � ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����?Œ?„�?„� ������� ��??†?, ������� ?„� ?€?Ž?‚ �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� �?…?ï¿½?‰?‚ ���?„� ������� ?„� ?€?Ž?‚ ��?„�������?Œï¿½ï¿½?ƒ?„� ?„�� �������?Œ?„�?„�.
? ? ? ? �?€ï¿½??‡ï¿½?…� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��?‰???ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚ �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„� ?ƒ?„�� �������?Œ?„�?„� (?“�?ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?‚)
1. ��?‚ ?˜ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?˜ï¿½?‰?ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?€ï¿½?… ?‡?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ �?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?…?„��� ��� ?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒ?„��� �?ï¿½?„??ï¿½ï¿½ ?€?ï¿½?ƒ?€ï¿½ï¿½?Žï¿½?„�?‚ �� ������?Ž?ƒï¿½?…� "��?„�?†?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½" ?„��?… �������?Œ?„�?„�.
2. ��?‚ �?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?„���?‚ ?˜ï¿½?‰?ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?€ï¿½?… ?‡?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ �?ï¿½?„??ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ ��������?‚ ? ?„�?‚ ?†?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„�?… ���??Ž?€ï¿½?…, �?€ï¿½?‡ï¿½ï¿½??Žï¿½?„�?‚ �� ������?Ž?ƒï¿½?…� ?€ï¿½ï¿½?‰ ?ƒï¿½ ��?„����������??‚ ?Œ?ï¿½?…?‚ ?„� ?„� ����� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����� �������?Œ.
3. ��?‚ ?‘���������?‚ ?˜ï¿½?‰?ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?€ï¿½?… ?€?ï¿½?ƒ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ �� ������?Ž?ƒï¿½?…� ����� ? ��?ƒï¿½ï¿½?„��� ?„�� �������?Œ?„�?„� ���
4. ��?‚ ����?ƒï¿½?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?˜ï¿½?‰?ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?€ï¿½?… �?ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?„�� ?„�� ??€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ?†?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? ? �?†??ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…, ?…���??‚ ? ���?ƒ?„?ï¿½?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?, ��������? ? ��?Žï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…?…

? ? ? ? ?— ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����?Œ?„�?„� ����� ��� ����?‰ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œ ��?„�?ƒï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½/?ƒ?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½. ?”����?…?ï¿½?���� ��� ?€?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ �?€?Œ ?„� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���?€ï¿½?…�� ?„�� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����?Œ?„�?„� �� ��?ƒï¿½ï¿½?Œ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€?Œ ?„�� ??ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?„�?‚ ?…����?‚. ?Ÿ Foucault ?ƒ?„�� ?™?ƒ?„�?ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ ����?…����?Œ?„�?„�?‚ ������ ��� ��?„� ?€ï¿½?… �?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ �� ?‡?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� �� ���?†ï¿½??‰.? ?œï¿½?„�?„?ï¿½?ˆï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�� ��?‡ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?… ?ˆ??‰?„� ?ƒï¿½ �?€ï¿½?ƒ?„?�� ?„�?‚ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����?Œ?„�?„�?‚, ?„�?‚ �?†ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�� �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ �����?„�?‚ �?…?ƒ?„�?ï¿½??‚ ���?Œï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��� ��?„� ��?„??ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?€?Œ ?Œï¿½ï¿½?…?‚ �� �������?ï¿½ ?Œ?„� �??…?†?Œ ��� �?…?ƒ?„��?Œ.
? ? ? ? ?”�� �� ���?‰ �?ƒ?„�?ï¿½ï¿½? ����?ï¿½ï¿½? ?ƒ?„�� �����? ?„�?… ?€?‰?‚ ���?€ï¿½?…�� ?„�� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����?Œ?„�?„� �?€?Œ ?„?Œ?„� ?€ï¿½?… ?€??‰?„�?…?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ?„� ���??Ž?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ����?‚ ?Œ?ƒï¿½ �� �� �?‡ï¿½ï¿½ �����?„�?ï¿½ �����?†ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ?„� ?€?Ž?‚ �?‡ï¿½?…� ������� � �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚, �� �?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, ��� �� ������?‚ ?„?‰ï¿½ ����?‰ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?… ?‡?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ?Œ?€?‰?‚ �?€ï¿½?ƒï¿½?‚ ��� ?€?‰?‚ ��� ?€?Œ?„� ��?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒ?„?��� (� ��?„� ���� ?€?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ �?€ï¿½ï¿½ ��?„��?ï¿½?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½) ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…�����?‚ ?ƒ?…�?€ï¿½?ï¿½?†ï¿½?ï¿½?‚ ?€ï¿½?… ��?‰?ï¿½?ï¿½?„� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…?ƒï¿½?‚.����?…����� ��?„?��?„� ?ƒ?„� ��?ï¿½?€ï¿½?…?„��?Œ ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½.


? ? ? ??‘���, ?Ÿ Sartre ??‰?„��� �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ "����� � ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����?Œ?„�?„� ��� ����?‡?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?„??‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?…��������� �� ?„�� ?†?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?„��? ��?‚ ?†??ƒï¿½ ? ����� ��� �?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?„�?„� ���? ?„�?… �����-���-?„��-����- ���-?„�?…?‚-����?…?‚. ?— ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����? ?ƒ?…�?€ï¿½?ï¿½?†ï¿½?ï¿½ ��?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‡ï¿½?„�� ?ƒ?„�� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����?Œ?„�?„� ���� � ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����?Œ?„�?„� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ �?€?Œ ?„�� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����? ?ƒ?…�?€ï¿½?ï¿½?†ï¿½?ï¿½.
? ? ? ? ?Œï¿½?‰?‚, ?Œ?€?‰?‚ ���� � Cohn ?ƒ?‰ï¿½ï¿½?„��� � ?†?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��?‚ ����� ��� ��������. ?Ÿï¿½ ?…?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?€ï¿½?… �?‡ï¿½?…� ?ƒ?‡ï¿½?ƒï¿½ �� ?„�� ?†?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?… ?ƒ?Žï¿½ï¿½?„�?‚ ��?‚ ?€?ï¿½ï¿½??‡ï¿½ï¿½?„�� �?€?Œ ����?‰ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?…?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��� ��?Ž ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ��������, ��� ����� ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��� ��������. ?•���?ƒ?„� ?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����� ?Œï¿½?„� ��� ?Œ?€?‰?‚ ��� �� ?„�� ??€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ��?‚, � ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����?Œ?„�?„� ��?‚ ����� ��������. ?— �?€?Œï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?ƒ �?…?„?Œ ?„� �������� ���?†ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ �?€?Œ ���??‰?€ï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ ���??‰?€ï¿½.
? ? ? ? ?Œ?ƒï¿½ ?„� �����-��?ƒï¿½-?ƒ?„��-��?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ����� ��� �����-��?ƒï¿½-?ƒ?„��-�?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½-��-?„�?…?‚-����?…?‚ ����� ���?ƒï¿½?… ��� �����-��?ƒï¿½-?ƒ?„��-�?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½-?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����� �����? ?‰?‚ ��?ƒ?Žï¿½ï¿½?„� ?Œï¿½?„� ��?ƒï¿½ ?ƒ ���� �?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ��?€ï¿½?„�?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����? ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?Œ?€ï¿½?… � ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����?Œ?„�?„� ����� � ?€??‰?„�??‡ï¿½ï¿½?Œ?‚ ?„??Œ?€ï¿½?‚ ?€ï¿½?… ?ƒ?‡ï¿½?„��?Œï¿½ï¿½?ƒ?„�.
(?— ��?„������ ?„� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����?Œ?„�?„�?‚ ����� ���??„����� �?€?Œ ��� �?…?„�?€ï¿½ï¿½? ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����?Œ?„�?„�?‚ ��� ?„�� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, ?Œ?ƒï¿½ ��� �� ?‡?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œï¿½ï¿½?ƒ?„� �� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?ˆï¿½?…�� ?€?‰?‚ � ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����?Œ?„�?„� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??€?„�� ?„�� ��?…?„?Œ ?„�?‚, ?‡?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� ���?ƒï¿½?… �� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?ˆï¿½?…�� ?„�� ��?ƒ?Žï¿½ï¿½?„� ?„??Œ?€ï¿½ ?„�?‚ ��?„���?ˆï¿½?‚ ?„�?‚. (Smith-Pickard, 2005))
? ? ? ? �� ?Œï¿½ï¿½ ���� ����� �?€?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?Œ?ï¿½?ƒ?„�. ?— ??€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ����� �?€?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?Œ?ï¿½?ƒ?„�. ?Ÿ R.D. Laing ?„� ���� ���?†?…?ï¿½?…. "?— �?‰? ?€ï¿½?… ?€?ï¿½?ƒ?€ï¿½ï¿½?Ž ï¿½ï¿½ ��?„���??ƒ?‰ ����� ��?Ž ?€ï¿½?… ?€?ï¿½?ƒ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ?„�� ��?„���??ƒï¿½ï¿½". ?‘?‚ ��?ï¿½ï¿½ ���?€?Œï¿½ ��?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ������?‚ ?€ï¿½?… ?ƒ?…�����?„�� �� ?„�� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����?Œ?„�?„�
? ? ? ? �??Ž?„��, �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? � ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����?Œ?„�?„� ��� ����� �?ƒ?„��?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����� ��?‚ ?Œ?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��� ?„�?‚ ?ƒ?…�?€ï¿½?ï¿½?†ï¿½?ï¿½?‚ ��?‚, ��� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?Œ?„� ��� ��?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‡ï¿½ï¿½ ?„� ?ƒ?Žï¿½ï¿½. ?“�������� ?‰?‚ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����?Œ �� �� �?…?„?Œ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ �� ?„�� ����?„� ��?…. ?œ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ �� ?„?…?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ������?Ž ?ƒ ��� ?ƒ?Žï¿½ï¿½ �� ���?…�� � �??ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �����?„��� ?Œ?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, ���� ��?Ž ï¿½ï¿½ �?Ž?ƒ?‰ �?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ �?…?„� ?„� ?‡ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?„�?ï¿½?ƒ?„��� ��?…. ?ˆ?„?ƒï¿½, ?Œ?€?‰?‚ ?…?€ï¿½?ƒ?„??ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��� � De Beauvoir, ��� ��������� �?…�����, �������. ?‘?…?„? � �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒ?„�?„��? �?€ï¿½?ˆï¿½ ?„�?‚ De Beauvoir, ?€ï¿½?… ���?€ï¿½ï¿½?…?ƒï¿½ ��?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ ?„� 2� �?ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?… ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒ?„���? ���?��?„�?‚, ��� ?€ï¿½?ƒ?„�??‰ ?Œ?„� �?†ï¿½?ï¿½ �?Œï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„�� �?…�����. ?”�� ?…?€ï¿½??‡ï¿½ï¿½ ������?‚ �?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, ���� � ?ƒ?…�?€ï¿½ï¿½??‰ï¿½ï¿½?„��� � ?€ï¿½ï¿½?„�?„��?Œ?‚ ?ƒ?ï¿½?„?ï¿½?†ï¿½?‚ ?„�?‚ De Beauvoir, ��?Ž ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‰ ?„� �?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„�� ??€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ��?…. ?Ÿ?€?Œ?„�, �?…?„?Œ ?€?ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ �� �?ƒ?‡?ï¿½ï¿½ ��� ?Œï¿½ï¿½ ?„� ���??Ž?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?Œï¿½?„�.
? ? ? ? ?— ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����?Œ?„�?„� �?€?Œ ?…?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??‚ �?€ï¿½?ˆï¿½?‚ �����?†ï¿½?ï¿½?„�� ��� ?„�� �?€ï¿½ï¿½?…��� ��� ?„�� �?…?„?Œ-?ƒ?…�����?„�?„�?„� ?ƒï¿½ ?ƒ?‡ï¿½?ƒï¿½ �� ?„� ?ƒ?Žï¿½ï¿½ . ��?ƒ?‰ �?…?„�? ����?„�� ��� ?€?ï¿½?ƒ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ��?ƒï¿½ï¿½??ƒ?‰ ?„�� ����� ��?ƒï¿½ �?€?Œ ?„�?‚ ����?‚ ?„�?… ?ƒ?‰ï¿½ï¿½?„���?‚ ��?ƒï¿½??ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚ �� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€?Œ ?„�� �������� ���?„��?Œ?„�?„�. ?šï¿½?„��������?„� ?Œ?„� ���?‚ ��� ����� ?„�?€ï¿½?„�, ?€ï¿½ï¿½?„� ��?„� ��?… ���?€ï¿½ï¿½. ���?„� ?‡?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ��?Žï¿½?‰ �?€ï¿½ï¿½?…��?„?Œ?‚ ��� �� �?€ï¿½ï¿½?…�?Ž. ?œ?Œï¿½ï¿½ �?„?ƒï¿½ ��?„�?†ï¿½?ï¿½?‰ �� �� "�?‰" ��� �� ?ƒ?…�����?„�?€ï¿½ï¿½??ƒ?‰ ?„�� ??€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ��?…, ��?ƒï¿½ �?€?Œ ?„�� ����� (Sartre).
? ? ? ? �?‚ ��?„���?€?„��?Œ �� ����� ��� ��?ƒï¿½ï¿½?„�?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œ ?ƒ?Žï¿½ï¿½. ?œ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ?Œ?„�� �����?‰ ��?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� �� �?€ï¿½??Ž ï¿½ï¿½ ��?Ž?ƒ?‰ ?„�?…?„?Œ?‡?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?Œ?„� ���������, ���� �?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ��� �� ��?Ž?ƒ?‰ ��� �?…?„? ?„� ��?€ï¿½? ��?ƒï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ �����? ?Œ?„�� �����?‰ �� ��?Žï¿½?‰ ?€?‰?‚ �� � ����?‚ �� �������. ?‘?…?„? � ���?†ï¿½?ï¿½ ?„�?‚ �?€?„��??‚ �?‰ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ Sartre ��� Merleau-Ponty? ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?€?Œ ?„�� ���?†ï¿½?ï¿½ ?…?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œ?„�?„�?‚ ��� ��?…?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�?„�?‚. ?Ÿ ?€??Ž?„�?‚ ?…?€ï¿½?ƒ?„�?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?Œ?„� ?Œï¿½ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ �?€?Œ ?„�� ���? ��?… ?…?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œ?„�?„�. �� ������ ?„�?… ����?… �� ����� �� ?ƒ?…�����?„�?€ï¿½ï¿½?Ž ?„� �����. ?“� �?…?„?Œ ��� � ����?‚ �?ï¿½?„� ?„� �?…?ƒ?„��?Œ ?„�?… ?„� �����. ?“�� ?„�� Merleau-Pointy ?Œï¿½?‰?‚ ?…?€ï¿½??‡ï¿½?…� ?„�?…?„?Œ?‡?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?…� ?…?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œ?„�?„�?‚, ����� ��� �?…?„?Œ?‚ ?€ï¿½?… ��?„��������?„�� ���� ��� �?…?„?Œ?‚ ?„�� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��?„���������?„��. ������� ?€?‰?‚ �?…?„? � ���? ���?Œï¿½ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?… ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…� �?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ �� ����� �?…� ?€ï¿½ï¿½?…?ï¿½?‚ ?„�?… ����?… ����?ƒï¿½ï¿½?„�?‚.
? ? ? ? ?Œ?ƒï¿½ �� �� ��� ?€?ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ ����� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?€?„?‰?ƒï¿½ �� �?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?ˆï¿½?…�� ?„� �?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����?Œ?„�?„�?‚ �� ?„�� ??€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ?‡?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� �� ��?ï¿½ï¿½ ?€?‰?‚ � ??€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ �?€ï¿½?„?ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����?Œ?„�?„� ��� � ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����?Œ?„�?„� ?„�� ??€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½. ?‘?…?„?Œ ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½;
? ? ? ? ?šï¿½ ��?Ž ï¿½??‡ï¿½?„�� � ?ƒ?…�����?„�?„�?„�. ?œï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��� ����� ?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, ����� ��� ��?ƒ?Žï¿½ï¿½?„�, ? ��?ƒï¿½?ï¿½?‰ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?…�����?„�?„�?„�. �� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?…?„?Œ; ?œï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?ƒ?„� ?Œ?ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?… ?ƒ?Žï¿½ï¿½?„�?‚ ��?… �?€ï¿½??Ž ï¿½ï¿½ ��?„���?†ï¿½?Ž ï¿½?ƒ?‰?„�?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ��?‰?„�?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„� ?ƒ?…������� �?€?Œ ?„� ?ƒ?Žï¿½ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?… �����. �?„�� ?ƒ?…���?„�?ƒï¿½ �?…� ���??Ž?€?‰ï¿½ � ���?ƒï¿½ �?€ï¿½?†? �� ?„� ���� �?„���, �� ����� �� ?ƒ?…�����?„�?€ï¿½ï¿½?Ž ?„�� ��?…?„?Œ ��?….
? ? ? ? ?’�?Žï¿½ï¿½?…�� ?„�� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����?Œ?„�?„� ?‰?‚ ��?ƒï¿½?ï¿½?‰ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?…�����?„�?„�?„� � �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� ?ƒï¿½ ��� ���?€?Œ?†ï¿½?…�?„� �������� ��� ��?Žï¿½ï¿½ �� ?„� ���� ��?ƒ?Žï¿½ï¿½?„� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����� ?Œï¿½?„� (Smith-Pickard)
? ? ? ??„� ��?„���?€?„��?Œ ?ƒ?Žï¿½ï¿½ ��?… ��� �?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ �� ���?‡?‰?ï¿½?ƒ?„�� �?€?Œ ?„�� ??€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ��?… � ?„�� ?ƒ?…�����?„?Œ?„�?„� ��?…, ��� ��?ƒ?Žï¿½ï¿½?„� ??€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ � �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ����� ?€ï¿½ï¿½?„� ?�� ��?ƒ?‰ï¿½ï¿½?„?‰ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„�� �?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ �� ?„�?…?‚ ����?…?‚( Merleau-Ponty, Sartre).
�?‰?‚ ����?„�� �?…?„?Œ;
?œï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��� � ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����?Œ?„�?„� ����� � ��?ƒï¿½ï¿½?Œ?‚ �??Œï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��?ƒï¿½ �?€?Œ ?„�� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…�� ?„�� ��?…?„?Œ ��?‚ ��?ƒï¿½ ?ƒ?„�� �?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½.
? ? ? ? �?„� ���� ?ƒ?…���?„�?ƒï¿½, ?Œ?€?‰?‚ ���� � Paul Smith-Pickard ��� ?„�� �??‰?„��? ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??€?„����, ���?…��?Žï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½. ?Œ?‡ï¿½ �?Œï¿½ï¿½ ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½. ?‘?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??€?„�?„�� ?„� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ����� �?†ï¿½? ��� ?„� ���??€?„�� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ ?„� ?„� ��� ?„� ?€?Ž?‚ �����. ?— ���??‰?€ï¿½ï¿½? ?ƒ?…���?„�?ƒï¿½ �?‡ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�� �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ��?… ������� ?„�� ?€?Œ??„� ?€?ï¿½?‚ ?„�� �?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½. ?šï¿½ï¿½ ��?Ž ï¿½?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ �� ����?‡?„?Ž ?€?ï¿½?‚ �?…?„?Œï¿½ ? �?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ �� �??…?†?„?Ž ï¿½?€?Œ �?…?„?Œï¿½. ?Ÿ �?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��� � ?€™ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?Œï¿½?‰?‚ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ����, �� ��?… �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??€?„�� �?…?„?Œ ?€ï¿½?… �����.
? ? ? ? ?˜ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�?‚ �� �??…?†?„?Ž ï¿½?€?Œ ?„�� ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Œ?„�?„� ��?…, ��?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„�� �?‰ï¿½?Œ ?„�?‚ �?€ï¿½ï¿½?…���?‚, �� ���?‰ ��� �� ���?‰ ?„�� ����� �?…?„?Œ ?€ï¿½?… ��� �����.
? ? ? ? �?‰?‚ ?Œï¿½?‰?‚ ��??ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� �?‰ �?…?„?Œ ?€ï¿½?… ?„� ������ ?„�?… ����?… ��?… �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??€?„��; ?‘� ��?Ž?ƒ?‰ �?…?„?Œ ?€ï¿½?… ����� �� ?„�� ���?…��?ï¿½ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?… �?‡?‰ �� ?„� ���?‰ � �� ���, �� ?ƒ?…�����?„� ��� ?ƒ?„�???ƒ?‰ ��� ��� ?ƒ?„�?ï¿½ï¿½?Ž ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…��?ï¿½ï¿½;

�?„� ��?ï¿½?€ï¿½?…?„��?Œ ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½
? ? ? ? ?˜ï¿½?ï¿½?€ï¿½?…?„��?Œ ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?„� �������?…�� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? ����� ��� ?ƒ?…����?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?‡ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ ?ƒ?…����?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?‡?Ž?ï¿½ �� ?ƒ?…����?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?…����?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€?Œ ��� ?ƒ?…����?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?Œ?ï¿½ï¿½. ?ˆ?‡ï¿½ï¿½ �?€ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?‚ �?…��?„?Œ?„�?„�?‚ ��� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??‚ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½??‚. ?•���� ��� ?ƒ?‡ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ���� ��� ��� �?€ï¿½? ���� �?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½?ƒ?„��? ?ƒ?…���?„�?ƒï¿½ �?…� ���??Ž?€?‰ï¿½.
? ? ? ? ����?…����� ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?��?„� �??‡ï¿½ï¿½?„�� ���?„� �� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�?‚ ��?Žï¿½ï¿½?…� ?€?‰?‚ ��� ����� ?†?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, ?Œ?„� ��?„� ?„�?…?‚ ?ƒ?„�?ï¿½ï¿½ �� ?ƒ?‡ï¿½?„�?ƒ?„�?ï¿½ �� ?„�?…?‚ ����?…?‚. ?•������ ?†ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?…� ?„�� �?…?ƒï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��� ?„�� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½??ƒï¿½ ��?„�?ƒ?„�?ƒï¿½ ?„�?…?‚ �� ?Œ?‡ï¿½ � ��?ï¿½?€ï¿½?…?„??‚. ?€™ï¿½ï¿½?‰?ƒ?„�? (Cohn) ?„� �� �?ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�� ��?„�� ��� �� ����??ƒï¿½?…�� ��?„� ?ƒ?„� ������ ?ƒ?…��?‡ï¿½?‚ ?„�?‚ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����?Œ?„�?„�?‚ ����� ���??ƒï¿½ï¿½. ?œï¿½ï¿½ ��� �?Œï¿½ï¿½ ��?„�� ��� �?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ �� ����� �?ï¿½ï¿½?„?.
? ? ? ? �� ��� ?…?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?-?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?€?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ��� ?…?€ï¿½??‡ï¿½ï¿½ ?‡?Ž?ï¿½?‚ ��� ���?Œï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„�?„���?… ����?…?‚. ?œï¿½?‚ �����?†ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ?„� ?„� �����?†ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�. ?‘?€ï¿½?†ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?…�� �?ï¿½?„��? ��� �?€ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?ƒ?„� ���� ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� �������??ƒï¿½?…�� ��� �� ?ƒ?€??Žï¿½ï¿½?…�� ?„�� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„� ?€?ï¿½?‚ �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??€ï¿½?„� ��?„�?ï¿½?…�?ƒï¿½ (Cohn). ���?€?Œ?‚ ?„�?‚ ��?ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ����� �� ����� �?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ �?…?„?Œ ?€ï¿½?… ?ƒ?…������� �?€?Œ ?„�� ���� ?„�� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�.

?˜ï¿½?ï¿½?€ï¿½?…?„��? ?ƒ?‡ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ? (���??„�?ï¿½) ?ƒ?…���?„�?ƒï¿½.
? ? ? ? ?Ÿ Brett Kahr , �?€ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?Œ?„� � ����?„� ?„�?‚ ���??Ž?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����?Œ?„�?„�?‚ ?ƒï¿½ ��?ï¿½?€ï¿½?…?„��?Œ �?€ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?€ï¿½ï¿½?„�� ��� ?ƒ?…��?…�?ƒï¿½?Œ ��?„�?‡??‚, ?€?ï¿½?ƒ?„�?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚, ?‡ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½? ��� �?…��?„�? ?€ï¿½?€?„���? ?ƒ?…?ƒ?„?��?„�?‚. ?Ÿï¿½, ���� ?€?‰?‚ ���?ï¿½ï¿½?„�� �?…?„?Œ; ��� �� ��?„���?„?‰?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…�� ��?„� ?€ï¿½ï¿½? �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Œ.
? ? ? ? A��??‰?„�����, ?€?‰?‚ ����?„�� �� �����?…�� ?„�?…?‚ ��?…?„�??‚ ��?‚ ?‰?‚ ��?ï¿½?€ï¿½?…?„�?‚ �?€ï¿½ï¿½?‰ �?€?Œ ?Œï¿½ï¿½ �?…?„?Œ, �� ���?„��� �����? ?„?Œ?ƒï¿½ �?€ï¿½?ƒ?„�?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„� ���� ?„�?‚ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����?Œ?„�?„�?‚. ?€™?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, ?„� ?€?Ž?‚ ����?ƒ?„� ����?‚ ?‰?‚ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����� ?Œï¿½?„� ��� ������� ?ƒ?„�� ��?ï¿½?€ï¿½?…?„��? ?ƒ?…���?„�?ƒï¿½;
? ? ? ? ?Ÿ Smith-Pickard ������ ?€?‰?‚ ?„� �� ���??‰?„���?ï¿½ï¿½ ?‰?‚ ��?ï¿½?€ï¿½?…?„�?‚ ?€?‰?‚ ����?ƒ?„� �� ?„�� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„� ? ?€?‰?‚ �� ������ �� ����?ƒ?„� ?ƒ?„� ��?„�� ?„�?… ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�, ?Œ?„� �?…?„?Œ ��?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ����?…�� �� �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„� ��?€?„? �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? �����?ƒï¿½ ?ƒ?„�� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����?Œ?„�?„� ��� ?„� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½, ?„�� ?ƒ?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ��� ?„�� �?€ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½. ���?Œï¿½ï¿½?ƒ?„� �� ?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?…�� �� ���?„���?…�� �?€?Œ �?…?„? ?„�� �?€?„��? �?‰ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„� ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�, �� �?„?ƒï¿½ �?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ �� �??…�?Œï¿½ï¿½?ƒ?„� ?€ï¿½?ƒ?‰ �?€?Œ ?„�?‚ �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„���?‚ ��?‚ ���?Œ?„�?„�?‚;
? ? ? ? ?Ÿ Paul Smith-Pickard ����� ��?†ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?ƒ?„�� �?„�?Œ?ƒ?†ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ ��?„��? ?„�?… ��?ï¿½?€ï¿½?…?„? ��� ?„�?… ��?ï¿½?€ï¿½?…?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…. ?‘� � ��?ï¿½?€ï¿½?…?„??‚ ��� ���??ƒï¿½ï¿½ �� ?„�� ?€?ï¿½?ƒï¿½?‡? �� ?„�� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���?‚ �?ï¿½?ƒ?„??‚ �� �?†ï¿½?…��?ï¿½ï¿½?Œ?„��, � ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œ?„�?„� ����� �� ��� ?…?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ � ?€??Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?ƒ?„�� �?…?„?Œ �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…?ˆï¿½ (?ƒ12) �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� �� �����?ƒï¿½?…�� ?„� ?ƒ?Žï¿½ï¿½ ��?‚ ?ƒ?„�� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„� (�?€?Œ ?„�� �?€ï¿½?ˆï¿½ ?„?‰ï¿½ ?ƒ?…���?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„?‰ï¿½) ��� �� ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ������?‚ ?„�� ��?…?„?Œ ?„�?… ?€ï¿½ï¿½?‰ ��?‚.
? ? ? ??— ��?ï¿½?€ï¿½?…?„��? ?ƒ?…���?„�?ƒï¿½, ��?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‡ï¿½ï¿½ ��� �?„�?Œ?ƒ?†ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½, ��?ƒï¿½ ?ƒ?„�� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?…�?…?€ï¿½??‡ï¿½?…� ���������?„� ��� �������?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?…� ?…?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��?ƒï¿½?ï¿½?‰ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?ƒ?…�����?„�?„�?„�?‚ � �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??€?„��?„�� ?ƒ?…�?‡??Œï¿½?‰?‚ ��� �����?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, �� ?„�� ���� �?€ï¿½ï¿½?…��� ?€ï¿½?… �?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ �� ?…?€ï¿½??‡ï¿½ï¿½ ��� ?ƒ?„�?‚ ?…?€?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?€ï¿½?‚ ?ƒ?‡ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚.
? ? ? ? ?— ?ƒ?…���?„�?ƒï¿½ �?‡ï¿½ï¿½ ?‰?‚ ����?‡?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�� ����?ƒï¿½. ?Œ?„�� ?ƒ?…���?„�?Œï¿½ï¿½?ƒ?„�, ?„� ��?„�� ?„�?… ����?… ?†ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?…� ?†?‰?‚ ?ƒ �?…?„?Œ ?€ï¿½?… ����� �� ?†?‰?„�?ƒ?„�� ��� '����. ?šï¿½ �?…?„?Œ ?€ï¿½?… ?†?‰?„��?‰ ��?Ž, ����� �?…?„?Œ ?€ï¿½?… ?†?‰?„���?„�� ��� ?„�� �����. ?Œ?„�� ?ƒ?…���?„�?Œï¿½ï¿½?ƒ?„�, ��������, �?…?„?Œ-�?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…?€?„?Œï¿½ï¿½?ƒ?„� (�� ?„�� �� ���?ï¿½?…�??ƒï¿½?…�� ?„�?‚ ?ƒ?‡ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?€?„?…?‡ï¿½?‚ ?„�?… ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ��� ?„�?‚ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…����?Œ?„�?„�?‚ �?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ �� ?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…�� ?†?‰?‚ ?ƒï¿½ ���?‚ �?…��?„?Œ?„�?„�?‚ ��?ƒï¿½ ?ƒ?„� ��?ï¿½?€ï¿½?…?„��? ?ƒ?…���?„�?ƒï¿½)
? ? ? ? �?‰?‚ ���?ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?…?‚ ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�?‚ ��?‚; ?‘?…?„� ?€ï¿½?… �� ��?€?‰ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ �?€?Œ ������?…?‚ �� ����� �?€ï¿½?„���?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?… ?„??Œ?€ï¿½?… �� ?„�� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?…?‚ �?‡ï¿½?…�� ���??ƒï¿½ï¿½. ?œ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ �� ���??ƒï¿½?…�� ?„� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ����� �� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�?‚ ��?‚ ��� �� �� �����?…�� ?ƒ?„�� �?ƒ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?… ?„� �����;
? ? ? ? �� ��� ?…?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? �����?‰?ƒï¿½ ?„�?‚ ��?„�����?ƒï¿½?‚, � Merleau-Ponty ��� ���?€ï¿½ï¿½ ���? ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?„��? ?ƒ?‡ï¿½?ƒï¿½ � �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ����?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� �?€?Œ ?„� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œï¿½ ?€ï¿½?… �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� ?ƒ?„� ?€ï¿½??Œï¿½ (Smith-Pickard). ?’��?€ï¿½ï¿½ �?…?„? ?„� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?„��? ?ƒ?…���?„�?ƒï¿½ �� ?ƒ?‰ï¿½ï¿½?„�?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½/ ��?ƒ?‰ï¿½ï¿½?„?Žï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„��?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?… ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œï¿½?„�?‚ ��� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?‡ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��?„���.
? ? ? ? �?€ï¿½??‡ï¿½ï¿½ ?€ï¿½ï¿½?„� ���?‚ ����?…��?‚ �� ?€ï¿½?ƒï¿½?…�� ��?ƒï¿½ ?ƒ?„� ����?‚ ?„�?… �� �?ï¿½?„??ƒï¿½?…�� ?ƒ?„?…��? �?€?Œ?ƒ?„�?ƒï¿½ �?€?Œ ?„�� ���??‰?€ï¿½ï¿½? ��?ï¿½?€ï¿½?…?„��? ?ƒ?…���?„�?ƒï¿½. ?Ÿ ����?…��?‚ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ?†?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��?Œï¿½ï¿½ �� �� �?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ?€ï¿½ï¿½? ��?ƒï¿½ ��� ?ƒ?€ï¿½?ƒï¿½?…�� ?„�?‚ ����?‚ ��?‚ ?‰?‚ ��?ï¿½?€ï¿½?…?„�?‚. ?— ��?‰ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ?…?€ï¿½??‡ï¿½ï¿½ � �?ƒï¿½??ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ ����� ���?€?Œ?†ï¿½?…�?„�. ?Œ?€?‰?‚ ?ƒï¿½ ���� ?ƒ?…���?„�?ƒï¿½. ?‘��� ��� ��?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?Œ?„� "� ������? �?‰? ����� �� ?ƒ?…���?„�?Œï¿½ï¿½?ƒ?„� ��?„��? ��?‚" (M. Buber).

! ?— ?‘��� ?šï¿½???„�, Post-MA, MSc BA, ����� �?…?‡ï¿½ï¿½?Œï¿½ï¿½?‚ - �?…?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?€ï¿½??„?ï¿½ï¿½. ?ˆ?‡ï¿½ï¿½ ������?…?„�� ?ƒ?„�� �?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? ��?ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½. ?•���� ����?‚ ?„�?… �?…��?Œï¿½ï¿½?… ?•��?�?‰ï¿½ �?…?‡ï¿½ï¿½?Œï¿½?‰ï¿½ ��� ?„�?‚ ?’?ï¿½?„����??‚ �?…?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??‚ ?•?„��?ï¿½ï¿½?‚.?

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