www.Ideotopos.gr


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?— ��?��?ƒï¿½ ����� �?€ï¿½?. �� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Œ ��� �����, ?Œ?€?‰?‚ ?ƒ?…�?�?‰?‚ ������?…��, ?„� ?€?Œ?„� ?„����?Žï¿½ï¿½?…� ?„� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�, ?€?Œ?„� �����? �� ��?„����� �?€?Œ ?„� �� ��� � ?„���?…?„��� ?ƒ?„��?Œï¿½ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?„?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…. ?œï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ ���?„�?ƒï¿½ï¿½?„� �?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ���?‰?ƒ?„� �� �?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?…�� ��� ���?„��?„���?‚ ?‡??Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?€?Œ ?„?Ž?ï¿½. �� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Œ �??„��� �����, ?€?Œ?„� � �?ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?„�?‚ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½??‚ ��� �� �?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ���??ˆï¿½ï¿½ ?„�� �?ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?„�?‚ �??„�?ƒï¿½?‚. ��� ���?ï¿½ ������ �� ����� �?ï¿½?‡ ?ƒ?„�� ���?ï¿½, ��?Œï¿½ï¿½ ��� ��� ?…?€ï¿½??‡ï¿½?…� ��?Œï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?ï¿½?ƒ?„�� �����?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„� ?€?ï¿½?‚ ����?„����?…?ƒï¿½.

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?‘?‚ ����?…�� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒï¿½?†ï¿½ï¿½?‚. ?‘��?ï¿½ï¿½ ������?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„�?‚ ���??ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?Œ?„� �� �����?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?‡?Ž?ï¿½?‚ ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…� ?„�� ?Ÿï¿½?•?š �� �?…�??ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?„�� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½?, �����? �� ��?„��� �� ?ƒ?…��?‡?Ž?‚ �����??„�?ï¿½?…?‚ ??…���??‚ �?€?Œ ?„� ���?€ï¿½?ƒ?„?‰ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���?„�?ƒï¿½ï¿½?„� ?€ï¿½?… �����?„��. ��?„� ?Œï¿½?‰?‚ ��� ���??ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…� ��� ?„�� ������?…?ˆï¿½ �����??ï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½ ���?„�?ƒï¿½ï¿½?„?‰ï¿½. ?Ÿ �?Œï¿½ï¿½?‚ ����� �?€ï¿½?Œ?‚. ?Œï¿½ï¿½ ?„� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��� ���?„�?ƒï¿½ï¿½?„� �?‡ï¿½?…� ������?…?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?��.

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�� ?ƒ?…�?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ �?€?Œ �?…?„�?‚ ?„�?‚ �?ï¿½?…��?‚ ??„�� ?Œ?„� �� ?…?€?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ �����?ƒ?ƒï¿½?‚� ?€ï¿½?„?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?… �?‡ï¿½?…� ?�� ������?…?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?‰?‚ �?€ï¿½ ?„� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒ?„��, ��� �?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� ?ƒ?„�� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ˆï¿½?†ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?…?‚ ?ƒ?„�?‚ ?‡?Ž?ï¿½?‚ ?„�?… ?Ÿï¿½?•?š. ?‘� ��� �� ������??ˆï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?ƒ?…��?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��, ��� �����?„�� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„� ���� ?„�?ï¿½?ƒ?„�� ����?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„�� �?ï¿½?…��. �?��?ï¿½, ������??€?„�?…�� �?Œï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��� ��?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��� ���� ?€ï¿½ï¿½?„� ?€ï¿½?… ��?„����?Žï¿½ï¿½?…��!

?•�����?„���, ?„� ?€ï¿½?„?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ ?‘��?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚, ��� ?„�� ����?„����?…?ƒï¿½ ? �� ?„�?… �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?… ?„?Œ?ƒï¿½ ������?‚ ��?Žï¿½ï¿½?‚ ����?„�� ��?„��? �?„��?ï¿½ï¿½?Žï¿½ ��� ���������?Žï¿½ �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Ž?ƒï¿½?‰ï¿½, �?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ �� ���??ˆï¿½ï¿½ ?„�� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��?„����?‰?ƒï¿½ ��� ��?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ �?Œï¿½ï¿½ ���?ï¿½?‚!

�?Ž?ï¿½ ��?„��������?…�� ���?„� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ � ��?†ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ��� ����?„�� ?ƒ?„�� ������?…?ˆï¿½ ���?„�?ƒï¿½ï¿½?„?‰ï¿½, ���� ?ƒ?„�� ?Œï¿½ï¿½ ��� �����??„�?ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½? �?€?Œ ?„� ?…?†ï¿½?ƒ?„�����. ?— ���?ï¿½ �?‡ï¿½ï¿½ �������?‰ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� �?…?„?Œ ?„� ��?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½?Œ, ?Ž?ƒ?„� ���� ?†ï¿½?ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?… �?…����� � ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½? ���?Žï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� �� ?„���?‚, ?‡?‰?ï¿½?‚ �����?‚ �� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?†?„�?„�� ?Œ?„� �?…?„?Œ ������ ?ƒ?„�� ?„�?‡??„�?ï¿½ ����?„��?ƒï¿½ ?„?‰ï¿½ �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„?‰ï¿½ (?„?…?€ï¿½ï¿½?Œ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ ��?…�����?‚ ?„?‰ï¿½ ��?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½?Žï¿½ ?„�?‚ ���?ï¿½?‚ �� ��?„���?„?‰?€ï¿½?ƒï¿½?…� ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?��?„� �� �����?Ž?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½ ����?Žï¿½).

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?Ÿï¿½ ��?„��??ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?Œ?€?‰?‚ ��?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…�, ��� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??‚ ��� ���?†ï¿½?ï¿½?…?‚ �?Œï¿½ï¿½?…?‚, ?Œ?‡ï¿½ ?€ï¿½ï¿½?„� ?„�?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??‚:

?•���� �??ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ��?„�����?ï¿½ ?„� �����?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�. ?Œ?‡ï¿½ �?Œï¿½ï¿½ �?Œï¿½?‰ �?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Žï¿½ ?ƒ?„�?‚ ��?„???ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚, ���� ��� ��� ����?…?‚ �?Œï¿½ï¿½?…?‚. ?“�� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?†?„?‰?‡ï¿½?‚ ?‡?Ž?ï¿½?‚ ��� ����� ?ƒï¿½ ��?ƒï¿½ �� ����?…� ���?Œ?€ï¿½?ƒ?„�?‚ ��?„???ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚, ��� ����?…� ��?Ž ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?‡??Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?…?‚ ����?…?‚ ?ƒ?„���?ï¿½??‚ �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??‚. �?Ž?ï¿½?‚ ?€ï¿½?… ����?…� �� �?…�??ƒï¿½?…� ?„� ?ƒ?„?ï¿½?„����? ?„�?…?‚ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…� �����??„�?ï¿½?…?‚ �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??‚, ��?Ž ?‡?Ž?ï¿½?‚ ?€ï¿½?… ����?…� �� ��?„�?ƒ?„���?ï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ ?€ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��� �?ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?„�?‚ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½??‚ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…� ���??Œ?„�?ï¿½?…?‚, ��?€
?•���� �??ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ��?„������ � ??…��?Œ?‚ �?ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½?‚ ?„�?‚ �??„�?ƒï¿½?‚. ?•�� �� �?…?„���?‚ ?‡?Ž?ï¿½?‚ ?…����?„??ƒï¿½?…� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��? �������?Œï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½?‚ ��� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??ƒï¿½?…� ?ƒï¿½ ??€ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��??†ï¿½?‚ ���?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚, ��?Ž ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ � ??…��?Œ?‚ �������?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½?‚ ?ƒ?„�?‚ "���?€?„?…?ƒ?ƒ?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚" ?‡?Ž?ï¿½?‚ �?ï¿½?„���� ?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œ?‚, ?„?Œ?„� � �??„�?ƒï¿½ ?€ï¿½?„?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?… �� �?…����?„�� �� �?ï¿½ï¿½??‚ ??…���??‚. ?•�� ?ƒ?…���� ?„� ��?„���?„�, ?„?Œ?„� � �??„�?ƒï¿½ �� �?…����� ��?„��?Œ??…?†ï¿½.

?Ÿ?™ ?š?‘?œï¿½ï¿½?›?•� �?Ÿï¿½ HUBBERT

?‘?€?Œ ?„�?‚ ���?„��?„���?‚ ?ƒ?‡ï¿½?„���?‚ ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ˆï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?€ï¿½?… �?‡ï¿½?…� ��?„� ���?ï¿½??‚ �����, �?Œï¿½ï¿½ ��� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?‰?‚ ?„?Ž?ï¿½ ?ƒ?‰?ƒ?„?. ?Ÿ M. King Hubbert, ��?‰ï¿½?Œï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„�?‚ Shell, ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ˆï¿½ �?€?Œ ?„� 1956 ?Œ?„� � ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½? ?€ï¿½?„?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?… ?„?‰ï¿½ ?—�?‘ �� ?†ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„� ����?ƒ?„� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ ?„�� �?€?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �����?„��, ?€ï¿½?†?„��?„�?‚ ��?‰ �?Œï¿½ï¿½ ��?„� ���� ?‡??Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½.

��� �?€ï¿½?‡? ?„�?… ����?‰??���� ��� � ?€??Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ˆ? ?„�?… ��?‡ï¿½?ƒ?„���. �?��?ï¿½ ?Œï¿½?‰?‚ ����?„�?ï¿½ �� ?€?ï¿½?ƒï¿½?‡? ?„� �����?Œ ?„�?…, ?€ï¿½?… ����� ?ƒ?„� ��?ƒï¿½ ?„�?‚ �?€ï¿½?: ?— ���?€?ï¿½ï¿½ ?„?‰ï¿½ ������??ˆï¿½?‰ï¿½ (?€ï¿½?… �?‡ï¿½ï¿½ ��??†? ���?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚) ���??€?„�� ?„� ���� �����?Œ �� ?„�� ���?€?ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½??‚, �?†ï¿½? ��� �?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ �� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…�� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ �?Œï¿½ï¿½ ?Œ?„� �?‡ï¿½?…�� ������??ˆï¿½ï¿½.

�?„� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„?‰ ����?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���?€ï¿½?…�� �?€ï¿½ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„�?‚ �?ï¿½ �?…?„�?‚ ���?€?ï¿½ï¿½?‚, ?ƒ?„� ?„?…?€ï¿½ï¿½? ?„�?…?‚ ��??†?.


?‘?ï¿½?ƒ?„�?ï¿½, � ?€??Ž?„� ���?€?ï¿½ï¿½, ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒ?„���� ?„�?‚ ������??ˆï¿½ï¿½?‚ ���?„�?ƒï¿½ï¿½?„?‰ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?„?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…. ?˜ï¿½?‰?ï¿½?„��� � ??…��?Œ?‚ ������??ˆï¿½?‰ï¿½ �� �?…����� ?Œï¿½ï¿½ ��� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ �??��?ï¿½, ?Ž?ƒ?€ï¿½?… ?†?„���?…�� ?ƒï¿½ ��� ��???†?‰?ƒï¿½. �?ƒ?„�?ï¿½ �����?…��� ?„�?‡??„�?„� ?€?„?Ž?ƒï¿½. ?“�� ?„�?‚ ?—�?‘, � ?‡?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?… �� ������??ˆï¿½ï¿½?‚ ���?„�?ƒï¿½ï¿½?„?‰ï¿½ �?†ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„� ����?ƒ?„� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?…?‚, ??„�� ?„� 1940.

?”����, ��� ?€ï¿½??Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���?€?ï¿½ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒ?„���� ?„�� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½? ?€ï¿½?„?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…. ?›ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, ?‡?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� ��?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?‡??Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��?‡?ï¿½ �� �??‡ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ � ����?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?„?‰ï¿½ ���?„�?ƒï¿½ï¿½?„?‰ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?… �?‡ï¿½?…� ������?…?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½. ?ˆ?„?ƒï¿½, ?„� ����?ƒ?„� ?„�?‚ ���?€?ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„�?‚ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½??‚ �� �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?‡??Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?ï¿½?Œ?„�?ï¿½ �?€?Œ ?„� ����?ƒ?„� ?„�?‚ ���?€?ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„?‰ï¿½ ������??ˆï¿½?‰ï¿½. ?‘?€?Œ ���� ��� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½, � ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½? �� �??‡ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ �� ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½. ?Ÿï¿½ ?—�?‘ �?†ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„� ����?ƒ?„� ?„�?‚ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½??‚ ?„�?…?‚ ?„� 1970.

�?ï¿½?†?‰ï¿½ï¿½ �� ?„�?…?‚ ��?‰?ï¿½?„���??‚ ?…?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½??‚ ?„�?… Hubbert, ?„� �?ï¿½ ����?ƒ?„� �?€ï¿½?‡ï¿½?…� ��?„��? ?„�?…?‚ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?€ï¿½?… 30 ?‡??Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½. ?•?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? � ?„�?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?€?Œ ?„�� �?€ï¿½?‡? ?„�?… �?‡ï¿½ï¿½ ���?„�?‰ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, �� ������� ��?„���?„�?…� ?„�� �?€?Œ?ƒ?„�?ƒï¿½ ?ƒ?„� 40-45 ?‡??Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½. ?‘� ���?€?Œï¿½ ��?ï¿½?…�� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ??„�� � ?‡?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ �� ?„�?‚ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒ?ƒ?Œ?„�?ï¿½?‚ ������??ˆï¿½ï¿½?‚ ���?„�?ƒï¿½ï¿½?„?‰ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?„?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…, �?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ �� ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ˆï¿½?…�� ?€?Œ?„� �� �?‡ï¿½?…�� ��� ?„� ����?ƒ?„� ?„�?‚ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½??‚ ?€ï¿½?„?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?….

�?Œ?„� ?Œï¿½?‰?‚ ?†?„�?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„� ����?ƒ?„� ?„?‰ï¿½ ������??ˆï¿½?‰ï¿½;

�� ����?ƒ?„� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„?‰ï¿½ ������??ˆï¿½?‰ï¿½ ���?„�?ƒï¿½ï¿½?„?‰ï¿½, ?ƒï¿½ ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?€ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, ?„� �?‡ï¿½?…�� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?�� �?€?Œ ?„� �����?„�� ?„�?… '60.

�?„� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„?‰ ����?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���?€ï¿½?…�� ?„�?‚ ���?€?ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„�?… Hubbert, ?Œ?€?‰?‚ �����?ƒ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?„�� ?ƒ?„�� ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Œ?„�?„�. ?‘?ï¿½?ƒ?„�?ï¿½ �� ������??ˆï¿½ï¿½?‚ (?€ï¿½?… ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„� �����?ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ��??†? ���?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚), ����� � ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½?.


?•�� � ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½? �����?…��??ƒï¿½ ��� �?…?„? ��??†? ���?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚, �� ��?‡ï¿½ ?�� ?†ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?„� ����?ƒ?„� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚, ? �� ?„� �?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„� �?€?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 2-3 ?‡??Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½! ?— ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½? ��?‡ï¿½ ?Œï¿½?‰?‚ �?ï¿½ �?€?Œ?„���?‚ ?€?„?Ž?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚, ?€ï¿½?… ��?„�?ƒ?„��?‡ï¿½?ï¿½ ?ƒ?„�?‚ ?€ï¿½?„?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Šï¿½ï¿½?‚ �?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„�?‚ �����?„��?‚ ?„�?… '70 ��� ?ƒ?„�� ?€??Ž?„� ?€?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?… ?š?Œï¿½?€ï¿½?….

?— ���?ï¿½?‰ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���?€?Œï¿½ ��?„���?ƒï¿½, ?€ï¿½?… ���?€ï¿½?…�� ?ƒ?„� ����?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, ��?„���?„�� ?„� ����?ƒ?„� ���� ��?„� ?„� 2010!

?Œ?€?‰?‚ ���?†ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, ���?? ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?„����� �?‡ï¿½ï¿½ ?€?Œ?„� �� ����?„����� ?Œï¿½ï¿½ ?„� ?€ï¿½?„?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½. ?— �?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„���? �� �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, ?Œ?„�� � ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½? �� ?€ï¿½?ˆï¿½ï¿½ �� �?…����?„�� ?Œ?ƒï¿½ �??��?ï¿½ �?€ï¿½ï¿½?„�� � ���?ï¿½. ��� ���?ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?… � ?€?ï¿½?ƒ?†ï¿½?ï¿½ ��� �� �?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ��?„�?€ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„� �??„�?ƒï¿½, �� ��?ƒ?€ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ���������? �?ï¿½?ƒï¿½, ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Ž?‚ ?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½.

?‘?…?„?Œ �?†ï¿½?ï¿½ ��?„� ?€??Ž?„�� ?„�?‚ ?—�?‘, ?Œ?€ï¿½?… � ?†ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„� ��??ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��?‰?ï¿½ï¿½?„�� �����?Œï¿½?„� ��� ?Œï¿½ï¿½ � ��������� ?ƒ?„�?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� ?ƒ?„� ?†?„��? ?„��? ?„�?…?‚. ������ ?Œï¿½?‰?‚, � �?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ��� �� �?†??ƒï¿½ï¿½ ������� ���?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?ƒ?„� ?€ï¿½ï¿½?‰ ?ƒï¿½ �?…?„?Œï¿½ ?„�� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??„�.

?“?™?‘�?™ ?•?“?™??‘? ?Ÿ?™ �?Ÿ?›?•?œ?Ÿ?™ ��?Ÿ? ?š?Ÿ?›ï¿½?Ÿ

?Ÿï¿½ ������?‚ ?€ï¿½?„?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Šï¿½ï¿½?‚ �?„��?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚, ��� ?ƒ?…�?†?‰ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ �� ?„�� ��?„���?ƒï¿½ ?Œ?„� � �?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„���? �??‡ï¿½?„�� ?ƒ?„�� �?€?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �����?„��. �?ï¿½?„����?…� ��� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ ���?ƒï¿½?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��� ?„� ����?ƒ?„� ?„�?‚ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½??‚, ?ƒ?„� �����?„�� ?„�?… 2030.

?‘�?Œï¿½ï¿½ ?Œï¿½?‰?‚ ��� �� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��?ƒï¿½?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, ?ƒ?…�?†?‰ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ ?ƒ?„� ��??‚:

?œï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?ƒ?„� ���?ƒ?‰?‚ �?€?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?‡??Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ?†?„�?ƒï¿½?…� ?ƒ?„������ ?ƒ?„� ����?ƒ?„� ?„�?‚ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½??‚ ?„�?…?‚ ?Œï¿½ï¿½?‚ �� ?‡?Ž?ï¿½?‚, ��?„?Œ?‚ �?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½ ?‡?‰??Žï¿½ ?„�?… ?Ÿï¿½?•?š �?…?ï¿½?‰?‚ (?Œ?€?‰?‚ ?„� ?™?ï¿½ï¿½, ?„� ?šï¿½?…���?„ ��� � ���?…���? ?‘?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½), ?„?‰ï¿½ �?€ï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½ � ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½? �� ?ƒ?…��?‡ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ �� �?…����?„�� ��� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ �����?„��?‚ ��?Œï¿½ï¿½.

?‰ï¿½ï¿½, ?„� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?…?„?Œ ?„� �?‡ï¿½?…� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ �� ?—�?‘ (1970), � �?‰?ƒï¿½ï¿½ (1987), � ?’?ï¿½?„���� (1999), ?„� ?™?ï¿½ï¿½ (1973), � ?›ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ (1969), � ��?…����� (1976), � ?‘��?…?€?„�?‚ (1993) ��?€. ?Ÿï¿½ ?—�?‘ ����?ƒ?„�, �?€?Œ ����?‰ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?€ï¿½?„?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?… ��?„�?„?ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Œ ��?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, �� ���??„�?ƒï¿½ �?€?Œ ?‡?Ž?ï¿½?‚ ?Œ?€?‰?‚ ?„� ?œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œ, � ?’�����?…���, � ?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½, ��� �� ?‡?Ž?ï¿½?‚ ?„�?… ��??ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? ?š?Œï¿½?€ï¿½?….

?‘����� �� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…�� ?ƒï¿½ �?…?„?Œ: ?šï¿½ï¿½?Ž?‚ �� ?‡?Ž?ï¿½?‚ ?„�?… ?Ÿï¿½?•?š �����?„�?…� ?„� �����??„�?ï¿½ ���?„�?ƒï¿½ï¿½?„�, ?ƒ?ï¿½?„���, ��?„� ��?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??‚ ��?ƒï¿½ ?ƒ?„�� �?€?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?€ï¿½ï¿½?„��?„��, ?„� ?€ï¿½?ƒï¿½?ƒ?„?Œ ?ƒ?…���?„�?‡??‚ ?„�?…?‚ �� ������, ?Ž?ƒ?„� ?€ï¿½ï¿½?‰ �?€?Œ ?„� ��?ƒ?Œ ?„�?‚ ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½??‚ �� ?€?ï¿½ï¿½??‡ï¿½?„�� �?€?Œ �?…?„�?‚.

?•?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‰?‚, ?Œ?‡ï¿½ �?Œï¿½ï¿½ ?„� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„� ����?ƒ?„�?ï¿½?…�, ���� ?ƒ?…����?„??Žï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� ?Œï¿½ï¿½ ��� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒ?ƒ?Œ?„�?ï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ ?„�?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���?…?ƒ?„�?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��� �?ƒ?„����?‚ ?‡?Ž?ï¿½?‚.

?’��?€ï¿½?…�� ?„?Ž?ï¿½ ����?ï¿½ ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �����? �??…�?Œ?„�� ?€ï¿½?ƒ?‰ �?€?Œ ?„�?…?‚ ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…?‚ ?„�?… ��??ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? ?š?Œï¿½?€ï¿½?…. ���?€?Œ?‚ ??„�� � ����?„�?ƒ?„�?ƒï¿½ ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Žï¿½ �?…��?ï¿½??ƒï¿½?‰ï¿½ ��� � �����? �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…?ƒï¿½, ?Œ?‡ï¿½ ?ƒ?„�� ���??ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ��?‰ï¿½ ���?„�?ƒï¿½ï¿½?„?‰ï¿½, ���� ?ƒ?„�� ?„�?‡??„�?ï¿½ ����?„����?…?ƒï¿½ ?„?‰ï¿½ ?…?†ï¿½?ƒ?„����?‰ï¿½. ?ˆ?„?ƒï¿½, ?Œ?ƒï¿½ ?€?ï¿½?‡?‰?ï¿½ ?ƒ?„������ � ���?‰?ƒï¿½ ?„�?‚ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½??‚ ?ƒ?„�?‚ ����?‚ ?‡?Ž?ï¿½?‚, � ��??ƒï¿½ï¿½?Œ?‚ ?š?Œï¿½?€ï¿½?‚ �� �?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ���??€?„�� ?„�� ?Œï¿½ï¿½ ��� �?…���?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �??„�?ƒï¿½, ?‡?‰?ï¿½?‚ ?Œï¿½?‰?‚ �� �?‡ï¿½ï¿½ �?€ï¿½?ˆï¿½ ��� ?„�?…?‚ ??…���??‚ ��?„��?ƒï¿½?‚ ? ?„�?‚ ?„���?‚.

?‘�?Œï¿½ï¿½ ��� �� ?„� ?ƒ?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?„??‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, � ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?„�?ƒï¿½ �?‰??‚ ?€ï¿½?… �� ����� ?ƒ?„� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?Œ ��?„�?ƒ?„����� ���������?Œ ?ƒ??ƒ?„��� �� ??„�� ?ƒ?ï¿½?„��� (�?ƒ?‰?‚ ��� - �?…?Œ �����?„��?‚), ���� �� �?€ï¿½?†ï¿½?ï¿½ ��?„?‰ï¿½ï¿½?„��? ?„�?ï¿½?ƒ?„�� ?ƒ?„?ï¿½?„����� ��� ���������� �?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„�?‚ ��?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?‡?Ž?ï¿½?‚ ��� �?„��?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚.

?œ?—��� ?‘��?™ï¿½?• ?—?”?— ?— �?•��?•?›?‘�?š?— ?šï¿½?™ï¿½?—;

?‘?€?Œ ?„�� ����, � ��?‡?ï¿½?‚ ?ƒ?„���??‚ �?€ï¿½?„?…?‡ï¿½ï¿½ ?„?‰ï¿½ ?€??Œ?ƒ?†ï¿½?„?‰ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½?‰ï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ ?œï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?‘��?„��?, ?‘?†?ï¿½ï¿½?, ?’�����?…��� ��� ����?, ?ƒï¿½ ?ƒ?…��?…�?ƒï¿½?Œ �� ?„� ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?��?„� ?„�?‚ �?‰?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚, �?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ï¿½ �� ?€?…?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„??ƒï¿½?…� ?„�� �?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ �?‰?ï¿½?„�?ï¿½ �?€?Œ ?„� ������?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, �� ��� ?„�� �?‡ï¿½?…� �����??ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?��.

?•���� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œ, ��� �?…?„?Œ ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� ?ƒ?��?ï¿½ � ���?ï¿½, �� ��?„��?��?…�� (? �??€?‰?‚ ?†?„�?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?��;) ?ƒ?„� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��?Ž ï¿½ï¿½?Œï¿½ï¿½ ?…?€ï¿½??‡ï¿½?…� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„� ?€ï¿½?… �� �?€ï¿½?ï¿½??ƒï¿½ï¿½ �� ���??ˆï¿½?…� ?„�� �?…���?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �??„�?ƒï¿½, �� ��� �?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ï¿½ �� ��?„����?ï¿½ �� �?ï¿½ï¿½?„� �??��?ï¿½?…?‚ ??…���??‚, ?Œ?ƒï¿½ ��?„� � ���������, �?Œï¿½?‰ ?„�?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Žï¿½ ��?…����?Žï¿½ ��� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Žï¿½ ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„?‰ï¿½.

�� �� ����?…��

?šï¿½ï¿½??Œ?‚ ����� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ �� ��?„�����?…�� ?Œ?„� � �?€ï¿½?‡? ?„?‰ï¿½ ?„��?„, ?„?‰ï¿½ ���?‰?„��?Žï¿½ �?…?„����??„?‰ï¿½, ?„?‰ï¿½ �����?„�?ƒ?„��?Žï¿½ (���� ��� ?„�?‚ ?„�?ƒ?„��?ï¿½?‚), ?†?„���� ?ƒï¿½ ��� ?„���?‚, �� ?„� ��??†? ?„�?…��?‡ï¿½?ƒ?„�� ?€ï¿½?… ?„�� ��?ï¿½?…��. ?šï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��??ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ (?€?‡ ��?ï¿½ï¿½?…��, ?†?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½?Œ ��?ï¿½ï¿½) ��� �?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ �� ��?„���?„�?ƒ?„??ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?„� ?€ï¿½?„?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ ?Œï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„�?… ?„�?‚ ?‡???ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚, ��?Œï¿½ï¿½ ��� �� ?…?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½?…�� ?Œ?„� �� ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ����?…� �� �?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?„�?„�?‚ ��?„�?„?ï¿½?€ï¿½?‚ ��� �� ?‡?„�?ƒ?„�?ï¿½ ���?‚ ����?„�?ƒ?„�?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚.

?‘� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?†?„�?ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�� �?€ï¿½??‡?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?„?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Šï¿½? �?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ ?ƒ?…��?…�?ƒï¿½?Œ �� ?„� ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?… ��?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½?…, ?„�?‚ ?ƒ?…��?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„�?… �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?… ?�� ��?Žï¿½ï¿½?…��, �� ��?„�����?…�� ?Œ?„� �, ��?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œ?‚� ��?„� ?„� ����, �?…?„����?…??‰?€ï¿½?Šï¿½?Œ?‚ ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�?ƒï¿½?Œ?‚ ���?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?ï¿½?„?Žï¿½ï¿½ ?ï¿½?ï¿½ �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„� ?ƒ?„� ?†??ƒï¿½. ?šï¿½?„�?ƒ?€ï¿½?„���?ƒï¿½, ��?ƒï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ 100 �?Œï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?‡??Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ���?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?€ï¿½?… ?‡?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒ?„���� ?€ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ���?„���??ï¿½ï¿½ ?‡??Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ?ƒ?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�?ƒ?„�?ï¿½, ?‡?‰?ï¿½?‚ �� ����?ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��� ?„� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, �??„� ?„� ������?„��� ��������.

�?��?ï¿½, �?Œï¿½ï¿½ ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��? �??ƒï¿½ ����� � �?…?ƒ?„�?? ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒ?„��? ���� ���?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??‚ ?ƒ?€ï¿½?„���?‚, � ?„�?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���?€ï¿½?‰?ƒï¿½ ?„?‰ï¿½ ??€ï¿½?‰ï¿½ ��??†?Žï¿½ ���?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��� � ?ƒ?„?ï¿½?†? ?€?ï¿½?‚ ����?‰ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���?„��� �?ï¿½??‚ ���������??‚ ������?…�?ƒï¿½?‚ ��� ������?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��?„����?‰?ƒï¿½?‚.

�??Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� ��� ��� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…?ƒï¿½ �������?Œ?„�?„�, ?€ï¿½?… ?Œï¿½ï¿½ ��� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒ?ƒ?Œ?„�?ï¿½?‚ ?‡?Ž?ï¿½?‚ ?„�� �������?…� ?…?€?Œ?ˆï¿½. ?“�' �?…?„?Œ ?†?ï¿½ï¿½?„���?…� ?„�?‚ ������?‚ ?ƒ?…�����?‰ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„�?…?‚, �?€ï¿½ï¿½?„����?…� ?„�?…?‚ ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„?Œï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…?‚, ��?„�?ƒï¿½ï¿½?…���?…� ��������?„��� ?ƒ?€ï¿½?„��, ?ƒ?„?��?…� ������� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½, ����?…��?Žï¿½ï¿½?…�, �?…����?…� ?„�� ���?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? �?€?Œï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½, ��?„�?…�?ï¿½ï¿½?…� ?„�?‚ ���������?‚ ?„�?…?‚ ?€?ï¿½?‚ ?„�� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��? ���?€?„?…�� ������ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ ?€?ï¿½?‚ ?„�� ?€ï¿½?ƒï¿½?ƒ?„��? ������?…?ƒï¿½.

�?„� ?‡?Ž?ï¿½ ��?‚, ��?„���?„�, ?ƒ?…��?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…�� �������� �� ����������?…�� �?…?„�����?„?Œï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…?‚ ��� �� ��?„�?ƒï¿½ï¿½?…���?…�� �?„�?ï¿½ï¿½ �?ï¿½?†ï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½ ���?…����� �� ��??ï¿½ ?„����. ?•���� ?€?ï¿½?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?€?‰?‚ ��?ï¿½ï¿½ ��?€ï¿½?… ?ƒ?„� ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½.

����?‚
Has global oil production peaked?, by David R. Francis, 2004
The End of Cheap Oil, by Colin J. Campbell and Jean H. Laherre`re, Scientific American, 1998
DIE OFF , Oil Depletion
THE HUBBERT CURVE : ITS STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES by J.H. Laherrere, 2000

! ?Ÿ ?›ï¿½?‰ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�?‚ ����� � ���?‡ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒ?„??‚ ?„�?… oikologos.gr