www.Ideotopos.gr


O www.Ideotopos.gr ���?‚ ?‡?Ž?ï¿½?‚ ���?ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?‚ �������?ƒï¿½?‚ ���?Žï¿½, ����� �?„����?‚ �� ��?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ �?€?Œ?ˆï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?ƒï¿½?‚ ��?ƒï¿½ �?€?Œ ������� ?€ï¿½?… �� ��?„���?ƒï¿½?„�. ?— ���?‡ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?„�?… �?ƒ?„?Œ?„�?€ï¿½?… ?†?ï¿½ï¿½?„���� ��� ?„�� �?…?€?ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?… �?Œï¿½ï¿½?… ?ƒ?„� ������� ���� ��� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„�?‚ �?€?Œ?ˆï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„?‰ï¿½ ?ƒ?…��?ï¿½?†ï¿½?‰ï¿½ ? ?„?‰ï¿½ �����?„?Žï¿½. �� ������� ��� �� �?€?Œ?ˆï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?€ï¿½?… ��?†?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� ��?��?…� ?ƒï¿½ �?…?„�??‚ ?€ï¿½?… ?„�?‚ ��?†ï¿½?ï¿½?…� ��� ��� ��?„������?ï¿½ ��?„' ������ ��� �?…?„�?‚ ?„�?‚ ���?‡ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½?‚.

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?‘?€?Œ ?„�� ?•?ï¿½ ?”���� !


?šï¿½?„� ?„�� Heidegger (Cohn, 1993) � ??€ï¿½?ï¿½? ��?‚ ?‡ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?„�?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� �?€?Œ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ �������� �?€?Œ ?„�� �?…���?„��? ��?„���?„?Ž?€ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?„?‰ï¿½ �?€ï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½ ?€?ï¿½?ƒ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ �� ��?†?ï¿½ï¿½?…��, ��?„�?†ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�?‚ ?ƒï¿½ �?„?…?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚� ?ƒ?…�?€ï¿½?ï¿½?†ï¿½?ï¿½?‚ ��� ��-�?…���?„���??‚ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒ?€ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½??‚. �� �������� �?…?„� ?ƒ?…�?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…�:

�?“Throwness?” ?– �� �����?Œ?‚ ?Œ?„� �?ï¿½?‡ï¿½?Œï¿½ï¿½?ƒ?„� ?ƒ?„�� �?‰? ��� ����?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ��?„�?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…�� ?ƒï¿½ ?ƒ?…��?��?‚ ��� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒ?„�?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„�?‚ �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½. ?‘� ��� ?„�?‚ ��?„���?„?‰?€ï¿½?ƒï¿½?…�� ?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒ?„��� ��� ��??ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, �� �����?…?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ ���?†ï¿½?ï¿½?‚ ��-�?…���?„���?‚ ��?„��?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?Œ?€?‰?‚ ?ƒ?ï¿½?‡ï¿½?ƒï¿½, �����?ˆï¿½ ��?„�?ï¿½?…�?ƒï¿½?‚ ?ƒ?„�� �?‰? ��?‚, ������?„�?ƒï¿½, ���������?…?ƒï¿½, ?ƒ?‰ï¿½ï¿½?„��� ?ƒ?…�?€?„?Žï¿½ï¿½?„�, ?†?…�? ��?ƒ?‰ �?…?ƒï¿½?Žï¿½, �.�.�.

�?“Being-in-the-World-with-Others?” ?– �� �����?Œ?‚ ?Œ?„� ?ƒ?…�?…?€ï¿½??‡ï¿½?…�� �� ����?…?‚ ?ƒ?„�� �?‰? �����?…?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��?‡ï¿½?‚ ��� ?€ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?€ï¿½?… ?‰ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ ?ƒ?„�� ������ ��?‚ ��� �?…?„�?€?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½?Œ ��� ��� ��?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?€ï¿½ï¿½?Œï¿½?‰?ƒï¿½.

�?“Living-towards-Death?” ?– ��?ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?… �����?Œ?„�?‚ ?Œ?„� ��?‰?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…�� ?Œ?„� � ??€ï¿½?ï¿½? ��?‚ �?‡ï¿½ï¿½ ����?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?��?‰?‚� ��� ?Œ?„� � �?Œï¿½ï¿½ �����?Œ?„�?„� ?ƒ?„�� �?‰? ��?‚ ����� ?Œ?„� �� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…��, ?…?€ï¿½??‡ï¿½ï¿½ ��� � ������?ï¿½ï¿½?Œ?‚ ?€?Œï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„�?… �?€ï¿½?‡?‰?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?, ?„�?‚ �?€?Žï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚, ?„�?‚ �?€ï¿½?„?…?‡ï¿½ï¿½?‚, ?„�?… ?„���?…?‚.

?Ÿ Heidegger (Spinelli, 1996) ?€??Œ?„���� ?„?ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„??Œ?€ï¿½?…?‚ ??€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‚:

�?‘���?†ï¿½?ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�?‚ ?– ?„� �?„��� ��� ?ˆï¿½?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, ��� ??‰?„�, ��� ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„���?„��, �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‡ï¿½?„�� ��� ?…?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ?„?…?†ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?…?‚ ���?Œï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„�?… ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„?Œ?‚ ?„�?…

�?œï¿½-�?…���?„��?Œ?‚ ?– ��?„���?„�?ƒ?„�?ƒï¿½ ?„�?‚ ?€?ï¿½?ƒ?‰?€ï¿½ï¿½??‚ ��� ?…?€ï¿½?ï¿½?…��?‚ ����?ƒï¿½?‚ ��� ?„�?‚ ?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒ?„��??‚ ��?„���?„?Ž?€ï¿½?ƒï¿½?‚ ?„�?‚ �?‰??‚ �� ?„� �?ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„�� ���?„?ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ ������?‚�, �����? ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�?‚ ?…?€ï¿½?„������� ���?€?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, �����?…�?Žï¿½?„�?‚ ��������� ?€ï¿½?… ����� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ �?…?‡ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒ?„� ? ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒ?ƒ?Œ?„�?ï¿½ �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„� ����?‰ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, ��?„�?†ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�?‚ ?ƒï¿½ ?…?€ï¿½ï¿½?†?…��?‚ ��� ?ƒ?€ï¿½?„��?Žï¿½?„�?‚ ?‡??Œï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ �?ƒ?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?€ï¿½?… �?€ï¿½?Ž?‚ �����?ƒ?…?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…�� ��� ���?ï¿½?Žï¿½ï¿½?…��.

�?‘?…���?„��?Œ?‚ ?– � ��?‡ï¿½ï¿½?Œï¿½ï¿½?‚ �����?Ž?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?„?‰ï¿½ ?Œ?ƒ?‰ï¿½ ��?‚ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?‡ï¿½?…� � ��������? ���? ��� � ��?…�?„�??ï¿½ ��?‚, ?„�?‚ �?…��?„?Œ?„�?„�?‚, ?„�?…?‚ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½??‚, ��� ?„�?‚ �?…�?ï¿½ï¿½?‚ �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??‚, ��?„� �� ����?‰ï¿½?Œï¿½ï¿½?ƒ?„� ?ƒï¿½ ?ˆï¿½??„���?‚ ��?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ? ?ƒï¿½ ��?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���?„� ?„� ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„� ��� ����� ?Œ?€?‰?‚ �� ������ ? �� ��?€?ï¿½?€ï¿½ �� �����.

?‘?€?Œ ?„�� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?… Heidegger, � �?…���?„��?Œ?„�?„� ����� ���?‚ �?†ï¿½ï¿½?„?Œ?‚ ���, ���� ?€ï¿½ï¿½??€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?ƒ?„?Œ?‡ï¿½?‚, ?„�� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?€?ï¿½?ƒ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ��� ���?… �� ?€?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…��. �� �?…�?���� ?„�?‚ �?…���?„��?Œ?„�?„�?‚ ��?„� ?„??Œ?€ï¿½ ��?„������?ƒ?„��?Œ ? ?„�?‡ï¿½ï¿½?„?Œ, ��� ����� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ ��� ��?Œï¿½ï¿½ ���?�?‰?ƒï¿½ ��-�?…���?„��?Œ?„�?„�?‚!!

?Ÿ?„�� ���?‰ ��?„� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? �?€?ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ �� �?€ï¿½?„���?ƒ?‰ ��� ���?���, � ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��?… �?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ �� ����� ��?ï¿½?�, ���� ��� ����� �?…���?„��? �?†?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ �?€ï¿½ï¿½ �����?…�?Ž ?„�?…?‚ ���?Œï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��� ?„� ?€??Œ?„?…?€ï¿½ ?„�?‚ ����?‰ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚. ?— ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��?… ����?„�� �?…���?„��? �?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?†?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ �?€ï¿½?„���� ���?ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? ��?… ��� ?„�?…?„������ �?’ �?…?„?�. ?”�� ����� ��� ��?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?… ?†ï¿½??Ž ? ���?‚ ??Œï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?€ï¿½?… ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‰ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, ���� � ��??ƒï¿½ï¿½ ��?†?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?„�?… ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ����� ?ƒ?„�� ?ƒ?…����?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?†ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?„�?‚ �?‰??‚ ��?….

?‘?ƒ?†ï¿½ï¿½?Ž?‚ �� �����?‰ �� ?„�� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?… ?‡??Œï¿½ï¿½?…. ?‘?…?„?Œ ��� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?Œ?„� ����� �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„?‰ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒ?„�?ƒï¿½?‰ï¿½, ? ��� �?„��� �?€ï¿½?€?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?… �?€ï¿½?†ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ��?ƒï¿½ï¿½?…��� ����, ��?„���?„�, ?Œ?„� ���� ?†ï¿½?ï¿½ �� ��?ƒï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��?Œ?ˆ?…?‡ï¿½, ���?„�??Žï¿½?„�?‚ ?„� �����?‰ï¿½ï¿½ �� �����?‰??Ž ?„�?‚ �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��?… ��� �� �����?‰ �?€?Œ?ˆï¿½ï¿½?‚.

?— �?…���?„��?Œ?„�?„� ��� ���� ?„�?…?„���?„�� �� ?„�� ������ ?„�?… �� ����� �����?„? ?ƒ?„�� �?‰?, ?ƒ?„�?‚ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?‚ ?Œ?ƒï¿½ ��� ?„�?‚ ?Œï¿½ï¿½??†ï¿½?‚ ��?†?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„�?‚, �� ��?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���?‚ �?€ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��� �� �������?Ž ?„�� ��?ƒï¿½ ?„�?…?‚ ?ƒ?„�� ??€ï¿½?ï¿½? ��?…. ?‘?…?„?Œ ��� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ������?ƒ?„��� ?Œ?„� ������� �����?„�?ï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ���??‰?€ï¿½?‚, ���� ?€ï¿½?ƒ?„�??‰ ?Œ?„� ��?… ����� ?„�� �?…���?ï¿½ï¿½ ?Œ?‡ï¿½ �?Œï¿½ï¿½ �� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‰ ��?„��? ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Žï¿½ ?€?ï¿½?„�?ƒï¿½?‰ï¿½ �?…?„?� ?€ï¿½?… �� ��?†?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?ƒ?„?Œ?„�?ï¿½, ���� ��� ����?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‰?‚ �� �����?…?ï¿½??ƒ?‰ ��� ��?„� ��?Œ?„��� ���?Œ ��?… �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�?‚ ?…?€ï¿½?ï¿½?…�� ��?„��? ?„?‰ï¿½ �?…��?„�?„??„?‰ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?… ?…?€ï¿½??‡ï¿½?…�.

?Ÿ Sartre ��?‡ï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ��?ƒï¿½ï¿½? ��?ƒï¿½ ?Œ?„� ?ƒ?„�� ���??‰?€ï¿½ �� ??€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ?€?ï¿½?‹?€ï¿½??‡ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ �?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚� (existence precedes essence), �����? � ���??‰?€ï¿½?‚ ��� ����� �� ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, ?Œ?€?‰?‚ �����, �.?‡. ��� ��?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½. ?Ÿï¿½ ���??‰?€ï¿½ï¿½ �����?…?ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ ?„�� ��?…?„?Œ ?„�?…?‚ ��?ƒ?‰ ?„?‰ï¿½ �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Žï¿½ ?„�?…?‚ ��� �?‡ï¿½?…� ?„�� ���?…��?ï¿½ï¿½ ?Œ?‡ï¿½ �?Œï¿½ï¿½ �� ?ƒ?…��?ï¿½?„�?ï¿½ ?„�� ��?…?„?Œ ?„�?…?‚, ���� ��� �� ?„�� �����?‰?ï¿½?ï¿½ ��� �� ?„�� ������?…�.

O Sartre (Holmes, 1998), �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�� �?ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ �?…?„??‚ ?„�?‚ ���?…��?ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ����? ?€ï¿½?ƒ?„�. ?“��?„�, ?Œï¿½?‰?‚, ����?‚ �� ���??‰?€ï¿½ï¿½ �� ����?…�� �� �?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�� ���?…��?ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ ??€ï¿½?ï¿½??‚ ��?‚;

�?‘?€ï¿½?†ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?…�� ?„� ��?‡ï¿½?‚ ��� ?„�� ��?†ï¿½ï¿½?…��� ?€ï¿½?… ��?‚ �����?…?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ � �����?ˆï¿½ ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?… ��?��?„�?‚ ?– ?„� �?„�?€ï¿½?„� ?„�?‚ ���??Ž?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ??€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‚.

�?— �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‰?ƒï¿½ ?„?‰ï¿½ �?…��?„�?„??„?‰ï¿½ ��?‚ ��� ?„�?… �����?Œ?„�?‚ ?Œ?„� ����?ƒ?„� ?€ï¿½ï¿½? ?€ï¿½?Œ ���?ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ �?€?Œ ?Œ?„� ������?…��, ?ƒï¿½ ?ƒ?…��?…�?ƒï¿½?Œ �� ?„�� ������ �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‡??‚ ?„?‰ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½?Žï¿½ ?„�?‚ �?‰??‚ ��?‚, ��?‚ ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��?…?€?Œ?†ï¿½?ï¿½ ��?‡ï¿½?‚.

�?’?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?…�� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„� ������ ?€ï¿½?… ��?‚ �?€ï¿½?„?ï¿½?€ï¿½?…� �� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…�� ��?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚, �?•���� ��?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, ��?„����?€?„��?, ��� �?€ï¿½??Ž ï¿½ï¿½ �����?‰ï¿½.

�?Ÿï¿½ ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ??Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?Œ?‡ï¿½ �?Œï¿½ï¿½ ��?‚ �?€ï¿½?„?ï¿½?€ï¿½?…� �� ?€?ï¿½?†?…��?ƒ?ƒï¿½?…�� ?„�� ��?…?„?Œ ��?‚, ���� ����?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…� ��� ?„�� ?ƒ?…�?€ï¿½?ï¿½?†ï¿½?ï¿½ ?„?‰ï¿½ ���?‰ï¿½ �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„� ��?‚ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?‡ï¿½ï¿½?„�?‚ ��?‚ ��?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��??†? ����?‡ï¿½?… ?ƒ?„�?‚ ���?€?ï¿½?ƒ?‰?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��?‚ ?ƒ?‡ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚, ��������?… ?Œ?„� ��?Œï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ����� �� �����.

�� ��?„�������� ��� �?‡ï¿½?…� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‰?ƒï¿½ ?„�?… ��?…?„�? ?„�?…?‚, ����� �?…?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚-?ƒ?„��-��?…?„?Œ-?„�?…?‚� (beings-in-themselves) ��� �?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ï¿½ �� ?…?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?…� �?Œï¿½ï¿½ �� ?ƒ?…����?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„??Œ?€ï¿½. ?Ÿï¿½ ���??‰?€ï¿½ï¿½ ����� �����?‚ �?…?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚-���-?„��-��?…?„?Œ-?„�?…?‚� (being-for-themselves), ��� ?…?€ï¿½??‡ï¿½ï¿½ �?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½?ƒ?„��� ?„�?€ï¿½?„� ?„� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��� �����?…?ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ �� �����. ?•���?ƒ?„�, ��?„� ?„�� Sartre, ��?„�����?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„�� ���?…��?ï¿½ï¿½ ��� ��?Œï¿½ï¿½ ��� � �?€ï¿½?†?…�? �?€?Œ?†ï¿½?ƒï¿½?‚ �?€ï¿½?„���� �?€?Œ?†ï¿½?ƒï¿½.

?Ÿ ?…?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½?Œ?‚ ��� ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�?ï¿½?„�� ���� �?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Œ ��?…?„?Œï¿½ (?Œ?€?‰?‚, ?€.?‡. � Rogers) ��?Œ?„� �?…?„?Œ ?…?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Žï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��� ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, ?ƒ?„�?„��? ??€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½, ��?„���?„� ?€?ï¿½?‚ ?„�� �?…���?„��? ??€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?… ��?„������?„�� ���?ï¿½?Ž?‚ �����?…?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ��� �������?ƒï¿½ï¿½ �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Žï¿½ ?€ï¿½?… ����?…�� ���?ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ ��� ?…?€ï¿½?ï¿½?…�� (Pollard, 2005, ?ƒ. 172). �?„�� �?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½, �����?…?ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�� ��?…?„?Œ ��?‚ ?ˆï¿½?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�?‚, ?‰?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�?‚ ��� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�?‚ ?ƒ?…�����?„�.

?Ÿ ?†ï¿½ï¿½?Œ?ƒï¿½?†ï¿½?‚ Charles Taylor (Guignon, p. 136), �?ï¿½?†ï¿½ï¿½ ?Œ?„� � ��?…?„?Œ?‚ ��?‚ �?€ï¿½?„����?„�� �?€?Œ ?„�?‚ �����?‚ ��?ƒï¿½ï¿½??ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��?‚ ��� ?„�?‚ ����?‚ �� ?„�?‚ �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ �?‡ï¿½?…�� ?„�?…?„�?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½. ?‘?…?„�?‚ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?‡ï¿½?…� ��� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?„� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?‡?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½:

���� �� �?€ï¿½?†ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…�� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ����� � ���?ƒ?„�?„� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��?‚ ��� �� ��������?ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��?‚,

���� �� ��?‡?‰?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…�� ?„� ��?‰?ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?‰?ƒ?„?Œ ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?… �� ?€?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½?…�� ?„�� ?ƒ?„�?ƒï¿½ ��?‚ �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„� ?ƒ?„� �������� ?€ï¿½?… ��?„���?„?‰?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…��,

���� �� ����?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…�� ?„� ����� ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Œ ��� ��?‚ ��� �� ��?ï¿½??‡ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ������� ?„�?‚ �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��?‚.

?’����� � ���?…��?ï¿½ï¿½ ����� ?€ï¿½ï¿½?„� ?ƒ?‡ï¿½?„��?, ��?Œ?„� ��� ����?‡ï¿½?…�� ?„� �������� ?„�?‚ ?ƒ?…����?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?ƒ?„���??‚ ��� ?„�?‚ ��?„�?ƒ?„�?ƒï¿½?‚ ?ƒ?„�� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?ï¿½?ƒï¿½?Œï¿½ï¿½?ƒ?„�. ?Ÿï¿½?‰?‚, �?‡ï¿½?…�� ?€ï¿½ï¿½?„� ?„�� �?…��?„?Œ?„�?„� �� ?€?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½?…�� ���?ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ ?„�� ?ƒ?„�?ƒï¿½ ��?‚ �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„� ?ƒ?„� ��������. �� �������� �?…?„� �?†ï¿½?ï¿½?ï¿½ ?„�?‚ ���������?‚ ��?‚ ���?Œ?„�?„�?‚, ?„�� �?€ï¿½?‡? ��� ?„�� ��?…�?„�??ï¿½ ��?‚, ?„� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œï¿½ ��?‚ �� ?Œ?ƒï¿½ ���?…������, ?„�?‚ �?…��?„?Œ?„�?„�?‚ ?€ï¿½?… ��?‚ ?€?ï¿½?ƒ?†ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ?„� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, ?„� ?€ï¿½??Œï¿½ �� ?„�?‚ �����?„�?ï¿½?‚ ?€ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��� ?„�?‚ �?…���?ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„�?…. ?— ���??Ž?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ??€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ?‡ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?„�?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� ?€ï¿½ï¿½?„� �?€?Œ ��?„�?ƒï¿½ ��?„��? ?„?‰ï¿½ �������?‰ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?… �?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ �� ������?…�� ��� �?…?„?Žï¿½ ?€ï¿½?… ?€?ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ �� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‡ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½.

?•���� ��?ï¿½ï¿½?„�, �������?‰ï¿½ ?„?‰ï¿½ ?‡?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Žï¿½ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½?Žï¿½ ?„�?‚ �?‰??‚, �� ����?€ï¿½ï¿½??ƒï¿½?…�� ?Œï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��?‚ ?„�?‚ �?…��?„?Œ?„�?„�?‚. ?‘?…?„?Œ �����?…?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�� ?…?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? ���?‡?.


�?—?“?•�

Cohn, H. (1993) Authenticity and the aims of psychotherapy. Journal of the Society for Existential Analysis, 4: 48-55
Guignon, C. (2004) On Being Authentic. Abingdon: Routledge.
Holmes, C. (1998) Bad faith in psychotherapy. Journal of the Society for Existential Analysis, 9(2): 24-34
Pollard, J. (2005) Authenticity and inauthenticity. In van Deurzen, E. and Arnold-Baker, C. (Eds) Existential Perspectives on Human Issues: A Handbook for Therapeutic Practice. London: Palgrave-Macmillan.
Spinelli, E. (1997) Heidegger?’s influence upon British psychology and psychotherapy. Journal of the Society for Existential Analysis, 8(1): 28-38


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